Chest:利妥昔单抗治疗对耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎一级预防的效果分析

2021-11-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在接受利妥昔单抗治疗的患者中,TMP-SMX预防显著降低了PJP的发生率,且安全性尚可。

尽管之前的研究表明利妥昔单抗会增加患耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)的风险,但不确定其对PJP的初级预防是否合理。

近日,呼吸领域权威杂志chest上发表了一篇研究文章,该研究旨在明确利妥昔单抗治疗的患者进行PJP一级预防的益处是否大于预防的潜在风险?

这项回顾性研究纳入了2002年至2018年在韩国三级转诊中心首次接受利妥昔单抗治疗的3524名患者(血液病=2500;风湿病=559;实体器官移植前/后=465)。根据在利妥昔单抗开始治疗后前28天(意向治疗分析)期间预防性TMP-SMX给药,将患者分为对照组(n=2523)和预防组(n=1001)。此外,对TMP-SMX的暴露作为时变变量(时变分析)进行了评估。该研究的主要结局是TMP-SMX对PJP的1年发病率预防作用。研究人员应用治疗权重的逆概率来最小化基线不平衡。次要结局包括与TMP-SMX相关的药物不良反应(ADR)的发生率。

在2759.9人次每年的随访期间,共观察到了92起PJP感染病例,死亡率为27.2%。预防组的PJP发生率显著低于对照组(调整后的亚分布风险比(aSHR)为0.20[95%CI为0.10-0.42])。这一结果与时变分析的结果一致,其中在TMP-SMX给药期间仅发生了一起PJP感染(aSHR为0.01[0.003-0.16])。与TMP-SMX相关的药物不良反应(ADR)发生率为18.1(14.6-22.2)/100人次每年,且大多数为轻至中度严重程度。基于10起严重的ADR,造成伤害所需的数量为101人(61.9-261.1),而预防一次PJP感染所需的数量为32人(24.8-39.4)。

由此可见,在接受利妥昔单抗治疗的患者中,TMP-SMX预防显著降低了PJP的发生率,且安全性尚可。

原始出处:

Jun Won Park,et al.Primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia in patients receiving rituximab.chest.2021.https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(21)04291-4/fulltext

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    2022-10-16 Smile2680
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