Nat Med:EGFR抗体介导结肠癌细胞免疫性凋亡

2016-06-12 佚名 生物谷

过去二十年来,针对恶性结肠癌(mCRC)患者的治疗有了突飞猛进的发展。患者的存活时间从12个月延长到30个月。这要归功于化疗与靶向疗法,其中包括cetuximab这一单抗药物。Cetuximab是一类嵌合单克隆抗体,它能够特异性识别EGFR并有效治疗mCRC。Cetuximab能够阻断EGFR与其配体的识别,进而影响RAS的信号通路以及ERK的激活。Panitumumab也是一类EGFR的中

过去二十年来,针对恶性结肠癌mCRC)患者的治疗有了突飞猛进的发展。患者的存活时间从12个月延长到30个月。这要归功于化疗与靶向疗法,其中包括cetuximab这一单抗药物。Cetuximab是一类嵌合单克隆抗体,它能够特异性识别EGFR并有效治疗mCRCCetuximab能够阻断EGFR与其配体的识别,进而影响RAS的信号通路以及ERK的激活。Panitumumab也是一类EGFR的中和抗体,它与Cetuximab具有相似的功能,然而,该抗体并不能引起T细胞毒性反应。因此,这类型抗体治疗癌症的主要机制是通过抑制EGFR信号通路。另外,由于携带KRAS突变的癌症患者接受Cetuximab治疗后也产生一定的疗效,说明该抗体可能还通过别的机制介导抗癌效应。

大部分抗癌药物都可以不通过免疫系统发挥作用,但一些特定的药物能够通过将癌细胞暴露在免疫系统面前从而使得免疫系统对其进行杀伤。最近,来自意大利欧洲癌症研究所的Maria Rescigno课题组发现Cetuximab与另外一种叫做FOLFIRI的标准化疗药物联合使用能够引发免疫原性肿瘤细胞凋亡(ICD)。相关结果发表在最近一期的《nature medicine》杂志上。

首先,作者利用一种叫做DiFi的结肠癌细胞系进行研究,该细胞系对Cetuximab十分敏感,这一株细胞系的KRASNRASBRAF以及PIK3CA蛋白都属于没有突变,因此能够正常感受抗EGFR治疗。作者对这一细胞系进行CetuximabFOLFIRI或者联合治疗。通过检测calreticulinCRT)的上膜现象(细胞凋亡的现象之一),作者发现经过Cetuximab或者Cetuximab+FOLFIRI联合治疗后的细胞发生了显著的凋亡效应。

CRT的上膜对于肿瘤细胞来讲相当于释放了一个“eat me”信号,巨噬细胞或树突状细胞在收到这一信号的时候会对快死的肿瘤细胞进行吞噬作用。作者通过将药物处理后的DiFiDC进行共同孵育,荧光成像结果显示:经过上述两种处理的肿瘤细胞与DC的相互作用效应明显增强,另外,共同孵育后的DC吞噬能力得到了上升。另一方面,作者排除了这一效应是由抗体的Fc片段与其受体作用产生相关信号的可能。

为了研究该处理的生理功能,作者构建了表达人源化EGFR的小鼠结肠癌细胞系,并将其接种入小鼠体内,之后,作者给予接种后小鼠Cetuximab或联合处理。结果显示,经过Cetuximab治疗的小鼠体内肿瘤的生长受到了明显的抑制。为了研究该效应是否依赖CD8 T细胞的激活,作者将上述经过接种以及药物治疗后存活下来的小鼠中的CD8 T细胞取出,并且将其打入另外未经过任何处理的小鼠体内。结果显示,这部分小鼠在接种了癌细胞之后受到了有效的保护,而且癌细胞也出现了凋亡的现象。

为了检验该疗法的广谱性,作者对11种人源化结肠癌细胞系进行了检测。结果显示,癌细胞系对上述疗法的敏感程度受到其内部KRAS的突变程度的影响。而携带BRAF突变的癌细胞系则不会受到该疗法的任何影响。

综上,作者证明CetuximabFOLFIRI联合治疗是一种有效的抗癌免疫疗法。

原始出处

Chiara Pozzi1, Alessandro Cuomo, Ilaria Spadoni, Elena Magni, Alessio Silvola, Alexia Conte, Sara Sigismund, Paola Simona Ravenda, Tiziana Bonaldi, Maria Giulia Zampino, Carlotta Cancelliere, Pier Paolo Di Fiore, Alberto Bardelli, Giuseppe Penna & Maria Rescigno.The EGFR-specific antibody cetuximab combined with chemotherapy triggers immunogenic cell death.Nat Med.2016

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    2016-07-26 liye789132251
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    2016-06-14 liuyiping
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