Nat Commun:RRP7A突变通过影响核糖体RNA加工、初级纤毛吸收和神经发生诱导原发性小头畸形的发生

2020-11-29 xiaozeng MedSci原创

在人新皮层的发育过程中,神经上皮细胞(NEC)通过对称细胞分裂繁殖,形成神经祖细胞(NPC)的初始库,这些神经祖细胞在心室(VZ)和心室内膜(ISVZ)分化为RGC神经胶质细胞以及位于外侧脑室下区域(

在人新皮层的发育过程中,神经上皮细胞(NEC)通过对称细胞分裂繁殖,形成神经祖细胞(NPC)的初始库,这些神经祖细胞在心室(VZ)和心室内膜(ISVZ)分化为RGC神经胶质细胞以及位于外侧脑室下区域(OSVZ)的基底RGC细胞。

RGC通过对称和不对称细胞分裂和细胞分化等复杂模式,从而扩大了NPC细胞库并产生了有丝分裂后神经元。因此,严格调节NEC、RGC及其子代中的细胞分裂和分化对于正常的NPC扩增以及最终的皮质神经元的数量至关重要。


常染色体隐性遗传的原发性小头畸形(MCPH)是一种罕见的神经发育障碍,其特征是由于大脑皮层发育不全而导致的大脑体积减少和智力障碍。 然而,目前尚不清楚MCPH的确切的病理生理学机制,但发育过程中新皮层中神经元祖细胞的功能障碍在其中起着主要作用。

RRP7A与MCPH相关

该研究在RRP7A(核糖体RNA加工7同源A)基因中鉴定了一个纯合的错义突变(p.W155C),在一个有10名相关患者的近亲家庭中,该突变与MCPH共分离。


研究人员发现,在发育的人前脑神经干细胞中RRP7A高度表达,Rrp7a的定向突变会导致小鼠干细胞模型中的神经发生和细胞增殖的缺陷。 进一步的研究显示,RRP7A定位于中心体、纤毛和核仁中,患者来源的成纤维细胞在核糖体RNA的加工、初级纤毛吸收和细胞周期中均存在缺陷。斑马鱼胚胎实验显示,RRP7A突变会导致脑尺寸的缩小、神经发生和细胞增殖的受损以及核糖体RNA加工的缺陷。

RRP7A在发育中的人新皮质的RGC细胞和纤毛中表达

综上,该研究结果为人脑发育和MCPH提供了新颖的见解。


原始出处:

Farooq, M., Lindbæk, L., Krogh, N. et al. RRP7A links primary microcephaly to dysfunction of ribosome biogenesis, resorption of primary cilia, and neurogenesis. Nat Commun 11, 5816 (16 November 2020).

 

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    2020-12-16 ms5000001879322960

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    2020-12-01 wushaoling

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