Lancet Oncol :不同治疗和影像检查对癌症生存率影响多大?哈佛团队分析200国11种癌症数据

2020-08-13 药明康德内容团队 医学新视点

癌症筛查、诊断和治疗的技术、疗法发展对于生存期都有着不可小觑的影响,且相辅相成。哈佛大学公共卫生学院研究人员牵头的模型研究,评估了在全球不同国家地区,不同疗法和影像学检查的普及应用对癌症生存率的影响。

随着医学研究发展,我们面对癌症有了更多“武器”。癌症筛查诊断和治疗的技术、疗法发展对于生存期都有着不可小觑的影响,而且相辅相成。比如,影像学检查有助于判断癌症分期、制定治疗计划,并及时评估治疗效果。那么,在诊疗全流程中,哪些环节的改善能更好提升生存率?

近日,《柳叶刀-肿瘤学》发表一项哈佛大学公共卫生学院研究人员牵头的模型研究,评估了在全球不同国家地区,不同疗法和影像学检查的普及应用对癌症生存率的影响。

研究数据覆盖了200个国家和地区,涉及11种癌症,包括食管癌、胃癌结肠癌、直肠癌、肛门癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌和前列腺癌,占2018年全球所有新诊断癌症病例的60%。

研究团队首先评估了目前的生存率情况。在现有的诊疗条件下,这11种癌症的全球5年净生存率预计为42.6%。从全球平均水平来看,结直肠癌、肛门癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的5年生存率都超过了50%,在中高收入和高收入地区,宫颈癌的5年生存率也超过了60%。不同国家地区间的差异较大,北欧、澳大利亚和新西兰的5年生存率相对最高,其次为北美和欧洲其他地区,而对低收入地区来说,即便是在全球平均预后较好的癌种上,生存率也不高。

在低收入地区,大部分(65.7%)的癌症在确诊时已经为晚期(III–IV期),中高收入地区(包括中国在内)这一比例为58.5%,高收入地区则为44.3%。然而,即便考虑了诊断早晚的差异,高收入地区的5年净生存率也远远更高,在I–III期癌症中可达到低收入地区的10-17倍。

进一步分析不同诊疗手段的影响,数据表明:

在治疗干预部分,对于低收入地区而言,改善护理质量将最大程度提高生存率,其次是手术和放疗的进一步普及;增加手术可及性将为中低收入地区带来最大生存获益,其次是放疗;而在中高收入(包括中国)和高收入地区,靶向治疗应用的增加对于改善生存率最为重要。

影像学的投入对于生存率增长也必不可少。对于低收入地区而言,普及超声应用将最大程度提高生存率;对于中高收入地区(包括中国),MRI、PET和CT的改善最重要;对于高收入国家,则最应注重发展PET、CT和SPECT。

总体来说,对于中低收入地区,增加基本治疗手段的可及性更重要;在中高收入地区,普及前沿影像学检查的应用能带来更多生存获益。

但需要注意的是,任何单一治疗手段或影像检查手段的可及性提高,对于提升生存率的贡献都是有限的。不难理解,综合发展的影响将更为深远。比如,在低收入地区,同时改善治疗、影像检查的可及性并提高护理质量,可以使5年净生存率提高10倍以上(3.8% - 45.2%),在中低收入国家,多管齐下也能让5年净生存率翻一番(20.1% - 47.1%)。

不过,即便在全面增加可及性的情况下,与高收入地区相比,其他地区的生存率仍然存在差距。研究团队指出,这可能是由于诊断时普遍更晚,以及一些预后更差的癌症类型(比如胃癌和肝癌)在低收入国家更为常见。

研究团队在最后总结道,“模型研究结果表明:癌症生存率在各地区的差异,很大程度上是治疗方法和影像学检查方法的普及程度和质量都有所不同,也与各地癌症发病特点有关。”希望随着更新更好的医学干预手段发展,以及现有手段的普及应用,能让更多患者实现将癌症变成慢病的梦想。

原始出处:

Zachary J Ward, Andrew M Scott, Hedvig Hricak, et al.Estimating the impact of treatment and imaging modalities on 5-year net survival of 11 cancers in 200 countries: a simulation-based analysis.Lancet Oncol. 2020 Aug;21(8):1077-1088. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30317-X.

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    2021-03-10 minlingfeng
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    2020-08-15 amyloid
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    2020-08-13 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830781, encodeId=a7041830e81cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 06:05:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1865884, encodeId=e183186588451, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Wed Mar 10 13:05:53 CST 2021, time=2021-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1945816, encodeId=59051945816d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21fde1416b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症生存率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71416, encryptionId=21fde1416b9, topicName=癌症生存率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3307462, createdName=风铃821, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 03:05:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1256778, encodeId=50ab1256e788a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=43706900963' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生存率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69009, encryptionId=43706900963, topicName=生存率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6a6043, createdName=guoyibin, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 02:05:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1542087, encodeId=4fbc154208e96, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ea0750303ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#影像检查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50303, encryptionId=ea0750303ec, topicName=影像检查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fe3c13348625, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 02:05:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1557511, encodeId=85d3155e511d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7bec398e2e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#哈佛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39872, encryptionId=7bec398e2e6, topicName=哈佛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c7014916331, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 02:05:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1033925, encodeId=68fb1033925d7, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 14:05:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1038086, encodeId=c038103808630, content=谢谢梅斯分享这么多精彩信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=anti-cancer, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 14:05:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-13 anti-cancer

    谢谢梅斯分享这么多精彩信息

    0

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