PLoS Med:前瞻性群组研究创伤超急性期的炎症特征和迫近的多器官功能障碍

2017-07-25 MedSci MedSci原创

严重创伤诱发免疫系统的广泛响应。这种“基因风暴”会导致不良后果,其中包括多器官功能障碍(MODS)。MODS伴随高死亡率和高发病率,同时严重影响长期健康水平。现在对MODS的控制也都是处在维持性治疗阶段,并没有特殊的治疗学手段能够有效的降低发生率或者严重程度。MODS的发病机理尚不可知,存在几种假说,例如超敏的炎症、二次损伤、促炎通路和抗炎通路的失衡。我们猜测创伤后的超急性窗口在基因风暴是如何起始

严重创伤诱发免疫系统的广泛响应。这种“基因风暴”会导致不良后果,其中包括多器官功能障碍(MODS)。MODS伴随高死亡率和高发病率,同时严重影响长期健康水平。现在对MODS的控制也都是处在维持性治疗阶段,并没有特殊的治疗学手段能够有效的降低发生率或者严重程度。MODS的发病机理尚不可知,存在几种假说,例如超敏的炎症、二次损伤、促炎通路和抗炎通路的失衡。我们猜测创伤后的超急性窗口在基因风暴是如何起始上起到关键性作用,同时可能产生对MODS发病机理的新解读

本研究中的实验对象为皇家伦敦医院的70位重伤患者(损伤严重得分[ISS]≥ 25),在他们受伤后2小时内的超急性期进行实验,测定全血转录组,进行流式分析。将36位重伤患者的转录组数据和6位轻伤患者(ISS ≤ 4)的做对比,此外还将34位重伤患者的流式细胞分析结果和9位健康志愿者的做对比。结果显示重伤患者中仅有1,239个差异表达基因(4%)。但是和超急性期相比,伤后24小时内,有6,294 差异表达基因(21%)。并且超急性期仅有202个差异基因(16%)和伤后24小时的表达趋势相同。

信号通路分析发现上调的基因主要和识别机制、先天性炎症反应通路相关,而下调基因主要参与适应性响应。免疫反褶积、流式细胞术和模块化分析表明中性粒白细胞和自然杀伤性细胞的核心作用,而T细胞和β细胞响应失表达。在这些转录组人群中有20位重伤患者后期发展成了MODS。和未发展有MODS(NoMODS)的16患者相比,他们最大的差异表达发生在超急性期。初期,和NoMODS患者相比,MODS患者有363个差异表达基因,而在24小时后差异基因仅有33个。

这种结果暗示超急性期与细胞生存和有机体死亡相关的疾病和生物功能基因高度富集,并非是炎症反应通路相关基因。MODS患者中NK细胞信号通路中的基因显著上调,而中性粒细胞反褶积标记基因下调。本次研究为有限的小样本研究,排除了超急性反应的细节分析以及不同的MODS表型分析,需要在其他的重伤患者群体中进行验证。

在这项研究中,我们发现超急性期如何对重伤产生特异性响应,同时广泛激活全基因组的转录调控。发展成为MODS的患者在初期中存在特异性变化的转录本,作为一种和NK细胞及嗜中性粒细胞有关的表征细胞死亡和生存的强烈信号。


原文出处:Cabrera, C.P., et al., Signatures of inflammation and impending multiple organ dysfunction in the hyperacute phase of trauma: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med,2017 Jul 17;14(7):e1002352. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002352.

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