盘点:欧洲泌尿外科学《European Urology》期刊八月文章一览

2017-09-01 fengxiangxin MedSci原创

在以往的一些研究中,外周血白细胞的相对端粒长度被认为是肾细胞癌(RCC)风险的潜在生物标志物。为了确定这种关系,研究者进行了更深入的研究。

1、无症状性菌尿治疗的利弊:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.014
因为抗生素治疗的副作用以及抗生素耐药风险的存在,无症状性菌尿往往无需抗菌治疗。但是,凡事有利弊,研究者为了弄清楚无症状性菌尿抗菌治疗的利弊,在特定病人群体中进行了系统的回顾分析。
总的来说,证据质量偏低。在没有危险因素的病人中,研究者没有发现治疗带来益处的证据(糖尿病患者、绝经后的妇女、老年弱势病人、肾移植患者、关节置换术患者),对于复发性尿路感染(UTI)患者,治疗是有害的。
最后总结:对大多数人来说,抗菌治疗是无益的,并且可能是有害的。但是,对于无症状性菌尿的孕妇和那些即将接受泌尿外科手术的妇女抗生素治疗似乎是有利的。

2、不同的初次治疗方案对局限性前列腺癌患者术后生存质量影响的系统评价。
对于临床局限性前列腺癌,目前循证管理包括主动监测、手术、外放射治疗(EBRT)和近距离放疗。不同的治疗方式对生活质量(QOL)的影响是不确定的。据此,研究者通过系统回顾MEDLINE,EMBASE,AMED,PsycINFO,Cochrane图书馆数据库中的相关研究,评价了肿瘤特异性患者报告的生活质量结果。在初次治疗后至少随访一年,并对偏倚的风险进行了批判性的评价。
在随访的6年中,发现主动监测对肿瘤特异性生活质量的影响最低;相比主动监测和ERBT,手术对排尿功能和性功能有负面影响;相比主动监测和外科手术,EBRT对肠道功能有负面影响。一个较小规模的RCT数据报道:近距离放疗一年后,排尿功能受到负面影响,但在5年后无明显尿毒性被报道。
因此,强有力的证据表明,局部前列腺癌的首选治疗对患者日后的生活质量有明显的影响。

3、前列腺根治术后补救性放疗(SRT)的最佳治疗候选人群。
补救性放疗(SRT)是前列腺癌根治术(RP)后生化复发的推荐疗法。然而,它的有效性可能仅限于特定分类的患者。为了找出前列腺根治术后补救性放疗(SRT)的最佳治疗候选人群。研究者开展了研究。
多变量分析显示:SRT治疗前的 PSA水平与远处转移显著相关(危险比1.01,P<0.0001  )。然而,当使用回归树分析(曲线下面积:85%)将患者分为五个危险组时,早期的SRT管理仅在3个危险组中提高了患者的无转移生存率:(1)低风险组:RP后检测PSA,格里森评分≤7,肿瘤分期≥pT3b;(2)中间风险组:RP后检测PSA,格里森评分≥8;(3)高风险组:RP后PSA持续不降,格里森评分≤7。
早期SRT被证明在那些临床上发生明显复发但未累及全身的病人群体中是有益的。并且本研究确定了这些病人群体。

4、端粒长度相关的遗传变异与肾细胞癌风险增加有关。
在以往的一些研究中,外周血白细胞的相对端粒长度被认为是肾细胞癌(RCC)风险的潜在生物标志物。为了确定这种关系,研究者进行了更深入的研究。
结果是较长的基因推断端粒长度与肾细胞癌风险增加相关(OR =2.07 每预测增加一千碱基对,95%置信区间[CI]: = 1.70-2.53,P<0.0001  )。

5、导致根治性膀胱癌切除术费用差异的因素分析。
肌层浸润性膀胱癌(BCa)行根治性膀胱切除术(RC)后,有严重并发症、住院天数增加、再住院的潜在可能。尽管关于这些结果的变化已经有很多描述,但是影响费用的决定性因素尚未有清晰的描述。
为了评估外科医生和医院两个水平的费用影响因素,以及识别RC高费用和低费用的预测因素,研究者进行了了一项队列研究。
使用90天的直接住院费用作为结果测算,并构建多层次线性模型评估不同因素对费用的贡献。
每台RC的90天直接住院费用为39651美元(标准偏差为34427美元),其中首次住院的贡献费用占87.8%(34803美元),再入院的贡献费用占12.2%(4847美元)。术后并发症是引起费用变化的主要贡献因素(84.5%),其次是病人因素(49.8%;如Charlson合并症指数[ CCI ],40.5%),外科手术因素(33.2%;如手术年[ 25% ])和医院特点(8%)
那些并发症较轻微患者,非致命性主要并发症患者和面临死亡的患者与较高费用显著相关。至于低费用,那些病情较重,行可控尿流改道术和早期手术的患者反而费用较低。

6、泌尿系肿瘤治疗后行肾移植的肿瘤复发风险研究。
相比透析治疗,得益于其较好的生存率和生活质量,肾移植是终末期肾病替代治疗的金标准。当潜在的肾移植接受者有癌症病史时,放疗前的等待期长短通常基于辛辛那提移植肿瘤登记处。为了系统回顾有泌尿系癌症病史的终末期肾病患者肿瘤复发的所有有效证据,研究者进行了荟萃分析。
最后得出结论:肾移植后的免疫抑制不影响低危肾癌和前列腺癌的结局和自然史。因此,从这些癌症被成功治疗到实施肾移植的等待时间可以减少(除了马兜铃酸肾病的具体情况)。由于数据量不够大,还需要更多的研究来规范UC后的等待期。

7、前列腺钬激光剜除术后患者满意度调查以及原因分析。
为了调查患者前列腺钬激光剜除术(HoLEP)后的满意度,并分析其不满意的原因。研究者将于2012年5月到2014年,接受同一个外科医生操作HoLEP的所有397例患者全部纳入一项前瞻性研究中。
基线数据包括年龄、PSA水平、经直肠超声、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、膀胱过度活动症评分(OABSS)。术后6个月,通过患者自我管理调查问卷,包括治疗满意度(STQ)、总体反应评估(ORA)和接受手术的意愿(WSQ),来评价外科手术效果。
结论:HoLEP总体水平上的满意度是较高的。不满意最常见的原因是术后急迫性尿失禁的发生。如何最大程度的减轻这一症状,是提高HoLEP满意度的重要因素。

8、NSS术前甘露醇输注未带来明显的临床收益。
目前,甘露醇在保留肾单位手术(NSS)中被作为减轻肾缺血影响的保护剂使用,但该临床惯例尚缺乏严格的方法学研究。
为了评估在NSS术中肾缺血之前输注甘露醇对术后肾功能的影响,研究者于2012-2015年期间进行了一项包含199例NSS术前预测肾小球滤过率(eGFR)> 45ml/min/1.73m2的患者的前瞻性随机安慰剂对照的双盲试验。
研究最后得出结论:在NSS术前肾功能正常的患者中,与术中标准化水合相比,输注12.5g甘露醇没有带来明显的临床效益。

9、前列腺癌的保守治疗,观察等待or主动监测?
目前,越来越多的前列腺癌采用保守治疗策略。然而,尚没有对何种随访为最佳随访策略达成共识。因此,研究者欲从预期寿命和生活质量两个方面比较观察等待和主动监测两种随访策略带来的差异。研究采用的主要结果是生命年和质量调整生命年(QALYs),次要结果包括根治性治疗、转移和前列腺癌死亡。
最后得出结论:相比观察等待,主动监测更多的延长了患者的寿命,尤其是对那些具有较高风险特征的男性患者。但是,这类患者中的大部分最终还是接受了治疗,由此带来的生活质量下降抵消了主动监测带来的收益。

10、放疗后怀疑前列腺癌复发,穿刺部位如何选?
对初次放疗没有反应的前列腺癌男性患者来说,精确了解肿瘤复发或持续的部位有利于认识治疗失败的原因。研究者使用肿瘤地图评估了于2000年-2014年之间进行根治性前列腺切除术的复发/持续性前列腺癌患者整体标本的病理特征。
在连续的216例患者中,77例有详细的肿瘤图谱可用。69例(90%)在前列腺尖部发现有肿瘤,其中的46%发生在最尖端的3mm范围内。53例患者(69%)在其尿道周围≤5mm的范围内有肿瘤。5例患者的肿瘤直接累及了尿道,均为前列腺尖部尿道侵犯。32例患者(42%)精囊受累,其中2例仅在精囊内有肿瘤。63例(81%)的肿瘤位于前列腺远端、尿道周围区域或精囊这些非常规活检区。因此,当怀疑放疗后癌症复发时,针对这些区域可以提高活检的准确性。

11、向精密泌尿系肿瘤学方向迈进,一种新型的AR拮抗剂。
Darolutamide(ODM-201)是一种新型的雄激素受体(AR)拮抗剂,其化学结构与目前批准的AR拮抗剂有明显差异,主要针对野生型和突变型的配体结合域突变体抑制AR核转位。
在本研究中,研究者评估了在恩杂鲁胺耐药的去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)和恩杂鲁胺、阿比特龙或比卡鲁胺治疗后检测到有AR突变的患者中ODM-201的活性。体外实验中,ODM-201显著抑制了恩杂鲁胺抵抗的MR49F细胞的生长以及AR的转录活性。体内实验中,ODM-201导致了肿瘤体积的减小和血清SPA水平的降低,延长了异种移植恩杂鲁胺抵抗的MR49F细胞后小鼠的生存期。

12、将勃起功能恢复的年龄差异考虑入根治性前列腺切除术的利弊。
尽管主动监测越来越多地应用于低危前列腺癌患者的管理中,但许多符合条件的患者仍然接受了手术治疗。患者考虑手术而不是主动监视的一个原因是存在这样一个论点:术后勃起功能的恢复可能性是年龄依赖性的,也就是说,延迟手术的患者可能失去手术后恢复勃起功能的机会。为了比较选择即时手术的患者在术后10年中勃起功能的与主动监测患者的差异,研究者使用了来自第三转诊中心接受了根治性前列腺切除术的1103名男性患者的数据。
最后得出结论:年轻男性在勃起功能恢复方面的微小差异会被术后较长时间的功能下降所抵消。因此,年轻男性术后更好的勃起恢复不应成为适合主动监测的患者选择即时手术的考虑因素。

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    2018-05-29 feather89
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    2017-09-05 189****7206

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726704, encodeId=72611e2670484, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue May 29 17:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=240577, encodeId=cb2c2405e7b6, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=08bb2061153, createdName=189****7206, createdTime=Tue Sep 05 05:58:35 CST 2017, time=2017-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1339025, encodeId=1db913390257b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=447663054f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#欧洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63054, encryptionId=447663054f5, topicName=欧洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Sun Sep 03 12:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239774, encodeId=dc6d239e7437, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Sat Sep 02 15:20:50 CST 2017, time=2017-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239469, encodeId=03ea239469a3, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Fri Sep 01 23:05:09 CST 2017, time=2017-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239455, encodeId=6ad923945534, content=不错的文章.值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Fri Sep 01 22:24:03 CST 2017, time=2017-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=239446, encodeId=facb239446eb, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Sep 01 22:20:12 CST 2017, time=2017-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-02 130****4638

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-09-01 130****4638

    学习了谢谢分享

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    2017-09-01 131****2916

    不错的文章.值得学习

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    2017-09-01 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

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