Sci Transl Med:烟酸可能有助于免疫系统对抗脑肿瘤

2020-04-04 竹子 转化医学网

近日,加拿大卡尔加里大学卡明医学院(CSM)的研究人员在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表了一项新研究,发现烟酸与化学疗法结合可以帮助免疫细胞攻击胶质母细胞瘤(一种脑肿瘤),从而大大减慢小鼠疾病的进程。

提起烟酰胺,大家都知道这是个大热的美容美白成分;而烟酸,大部分人却茫然无措。其实两者存在着转化的关系,烟酸在被人体吸收后,会转化成烟酰胺。今天,小编主要来讲讲烟酸。白蘑菇也含有维生素B2和烟酸(通常称为维生素B3),这两种物质对免疫系统健全都很重要。肿瘤细胞之所令人“闻风丧胆”,就因为它们二种手段来逃脱免疫系统的制裁。如果利用烟酸来增强人体的免疫系统,是否可以有效抑制肿瘤的生长呢?研究人员就此展开了相关研究。

近日,加拿大卡尔加里大学卡明医学院(CSM)的研究人员在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表了一项新研究,发现烟酸与化学疗法结合可以帮助免疫细胞攻击胶质母细胞瘤(一种脑肿瘤),从而大大减慢小鼠疾病的进程。

该研究的主要研究者,CSM临床神经科学系教授,Hotchkiss脑研究所(HBI)和Arnie Charbonneau癌症研究所的成员,Wee Yong博士认为这是一个了不起的结果。虽然不能治愈,但它是对付这种不治之症的下一个希望。胶质母细胞瘤的脑肿瘤干细胞十分抵制治疗。因此,研究人员并没有针对那些细胞,而是针对免疫系统,以帮助人体攻击和破坏干细胞。

胶质母细胞瘤是恶性程度最高的胶质瘤,也是最具侵袭性的脑癌。即使进行治疗、化疗和放疗,大多数人也会在被诊断出后的14至16个月内死亡。这种癌症如此致命的原因之一是,它劫持并抑制了免疫系统,并重新编程了免疫细胞,使其对肿瘤起作用。

在这项研究中,结果发现接受联合治疗的胶质母细胞瘤小鼠的寿命增加了两倍,从40天增加到150天。研究人员得出结论:单独用烟酸治疗可以延长生存期,而和替莫唑胺(一种常用于对抗胶质母细胞瘤的化疗药物)一起用的的联合疗法可通过刺激和重新培养免疫细胞来停止帮助癌症并消灭它,从而显着延长了生存期。

烟酸减少了小鼠中源自患者的胶质母细胞瘤(红色轮廓)的生长。

这项研究的第一作者Susobhan Sarkar博士说:“我们能够帮助免疫细胞完成应有的作用,攻击并杀死癌细胞。我们筛选了1,040种化合物,发现烟酸具有激活免疫细胞(特别是髓样细胞)并抑制脑肿瘤引发干细胞生长所需的特性。”

这项研究由艾伯塔省创新基金会与艾伯塔省癌症基金会和HBI合作,由罗纳德和艾琳沃德基金会和加拿大卫生研究院(CIHR)捐赠的转化研究资助。CIHR已提供资金,将这项研究推进到临床试验。

Yong说:“我们很幸运得到CIHR的支持。我们仍然需要获得加拿大卫生部和伦理学的批准。即使这种治疗方法涉及两种众所周知的现有疗法,遵循严格的方案并首先进行临床试验也非常重要。重要的是,人们不要急于尝试添加烟酸。我们需要自己确定剂量、递送方式和时间长度,以获得最佳的临床效果。”

原始出处:Susobhan Sarkar, Runze Yang, Reza Mirzaei, et al. Control of brain tumor growth by reactivating myeloid cells with niacin. Science Translational Medicine 01 Apr 2020.

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    2021-02-18 bsmagic9140
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    2020-04-05 zblhy
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    2020-04-05 智慧医人

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烟酸是一种治疗血脂异常的药物,副作用为可导致血管舒张。以前的实例中发现,慢性视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)和黄斑囊样水肿(CME)的患者在系统性服用烟酸治疗高胆固醇血症的同时,CRVO与CME也得到了改善。该研究是为了评估烟酸对CRVO与CRVO相关眼部并发症的作用。

Am J Med:烟酸能升高HDL-C,但不能降低心脏事件风险

烟酸,可有效提高HDL-C,或许能够减少动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者或高危人群的心脏事件。然而,既往近期的两项大型随机对照试验,在他汀类药物治疗背景下,比较烟酸和安慰剂,却没有得出积极效果。 根据现有证据,我们研究了当前实践中,烟酸治疗降低心血管事件风险的作用。 在MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL和Cochrane数据库中检索比较单独烟酸治疗或烟酸联合他汀类药物治疗的随机对照

NEJM:NAD缺乏、先天性畸形与烟酸补充

先天性畸形可以表现为多种表型的组合,其发生几率比预期的要多。在许多这样的病例中,很难发现遗传原因。Hongjun Shi等研究人员寻找心脏病、脊椎和肾脏缺陷的遗传原因。

Schizophrenia Bulletin:用烟酸冲洗皮肤即可确定精神分裂症

由于目前还没有建立精神分裂症的客观标记物,因此确定具有均一生化特征的患者亚群将为研究人员和临床医生了解和管理该疾病提供新视角。