Clinical Nutrition: 体重指数及其长期变化与心脏代谢疾病的关联

2021-10-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

实际上,肥胖既是一种特征,也是一种疾病。肥胖者更有可能患上糖尿病、心血管疾病和慢性肾脏病等。肥胖已经成为全球范围内的流行病。

      肥胖是世界卫生组织确定的十大慢性疾病之一,全世界有19亿成年人超重,6亿人肥胖。在中国,超重和肥胖人群已逾3亿人。因此,肥胖及其相关疾病是全球主要健康问题,其发病率日益令人担忧。2021年9月27日,法国图尔大学图索中心医院的研究人员在欧洲糖尿病研究协会 (EASD) 年会上公布了一项研究,对近300万人进行了至少5年的跟踪调查表明,肥胖但看起来很健康的成年人,更容易发生心力衰竭、心律失常、房颤。此外,无论胖或瘦,代谢不健康个体的心力衰竭风险特别高。肥胖几乎是所有血管疾病的危险因素,尤其是与代谢综合征相关的因素。然而,据估计,多达三分之一的肥胖者可能代谢健康。这种所谓的“代谢健康胖子”是否与心血管疾病的高风险相关已经争论了很多年。较高的体重指数 (BMI) 与心脏代谢疾病(CMD,包括2型糖尿病和心血管疾病)之间的关联尚不清楚。因此,本项研究旨在评估 BMI 及其长期变化与心脏代谢疾病 (CMD) 的关联,并探讨家庭背景和健康生活方式在这种关联中的作用。

 

      在瑞典双胞胎登记处,研究人员对 36622 名年龄≥40 岁的无 CMD 个体进行了长达 16 年的随访。在基线和基线前 25-35 年收集 BMI 数据。健康的生活方式包括不吸烟、不/轻度饮酒和定期体育锻炼,当患者没有或只有一个这些因素时被认定为有利组,当患者存在两个或三个因素是被认定为不利组。心血管事件的发生(CMD)是通过与瑞典国家患者登记处的联系来确定的。

 

      本项研究中共有16195 (44.2%) 名参与者是处于超重/肥胖 (BMI ≥25kg/m2 )的状态,11202 (30.6%) 名参与者在随访期间出现 CMD事件。在所有参与者中,与正常 BMI (20–25kg/m2)相比,CMD 的 HR(95% CI)仅在早期或仅在晚期超重/肥胖的情况下分别为 1.28 (1.02–1.59) 和 1.33 (1.24–1.43)。Cox 分析显示,超重/肥胖与更大的 CMD 风险相关(1.37,95% CI 1.18-1.61)。在联合效应分析中,与超重/肥胖和不良生活方式(2.20, 95%)的人相比,生活方式良好的人(1.51, 95% CI 1.44–1.58)的CMD 风险降低了 32%。

 

      本项研究证实超重/肥胖与CMD风险增加有关,然而,良好的生活方式可以降低高 BMI 相关 CMD 的风险。

 

 

原始出处:

Jie Guo. Et al. Association of body mass index and its long-term changes with cardiometabolic diseases: A nationwide twin study. Clinical Nutrition.2021.

 

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