eLife:清华大学胡小玉课题组揭示miRNA在抑制肥胖中的作用机制

2020-11-06 Bio生物世界 Bio生物世界

巨噬细胞是一类重要的免疫细胞,不仅参与调控免疫和炎症反应,也在维持机体代谢平衡方面发挥重要功能。miRNA是一类长度约为22 个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子,在基因的转录后调控中发挥重要功能。

2020年11月5日,清华大学免疫学研究所胡小玉课题组在 eLife 杂志在线发表了题为:MicroRNAs of the miR-17~92 family maintain adipose tissue macrophage homeostasis by sustaining IL-10 expression 的研究论文。

该研究揭示了miR-17~92家族miRNA通过维持IL-10的表达抑制巨噬细胞的炎症反应,从而维持脂肪组织巨噬细胞的稳态并抑制肥胖。

巨噬细胞是一类重要的免疫细胞,不仅参与调控免疫和炎症反应,也在维持机体代谢平衡方面发挥重要功能。miRNA是一类长度约为22 个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子,在基因的转录后调控中发挥重要功能。miR-17~92家族miRNA包括3个同源的miRNA簇,共15个miRNA。

胡小玉课题组以前的研究中报道了miR-17~92家族miRNA抑制IL-12介导的免疫反应(Zhang et al, CMI, 2020)以及miR-17~92簇miRNA参与RBP-J对肠道巨噬细胞功能的调控(Kang et al, JEM, 2020)。

在之前的研究过程中,课题组研究人员构建了髓系细胞特异性敲除miR-17~92家族miRNA(以下称为TKO)的小鼠。有趣的是,研究人员发现在饲养一段时间后,这些TKO小鼠明显比对照组小鼠更加肥胖。于是,课题组研究人员以此肥胖表型为切入点,进一步探究导致TKO小鼠肥胖的原因。

首先,研究人员通过给小鼠喂食高脂饲料发现TKO小鼠的体重增长显着高于对照组小鼠,与喂食普通饲料时年老的TKO小鼠的肥胖表型一致。

接着,研究人员通过葡萄糖耐受实验进一步发现TKO小鼠的胰岛素抵抗显着高于对照组。随后,研究人员发现miR-17~92家族miRNA的缺失导致巨噬细胞自发出现促炎表型——表现为更高的TNF表达和更低的IL-10表达,打破了巨噬细胞分泌的促炎和抑炎因子之间的平衡,从而进一步增强了胰岛素抵抗并导致了肥胖。

除此之外,鉴于miR-17~92家族miRNA包括3个同源的miRNA簇,为了确定哪个簇的miRNA在调控TNF和IL-10的表达中发挥主要功能,研究人员构建了3个同源miRNA簇的单独敲除小鼠和其中两个簇的双敲小鼠,并证明了3个同源miRNA簇的15个miRNA共同调控TNF和IL-10的表达。

机制方面,研究人员发现miR-17~92家族miRNA通过直接靶标Fos基因的负向转录因子YY1来维持Fos的表达,从而进一步促进IL-10并抑制TNF的表达,以此维持脂肪组织巨噬细胞的稳态。

这些发现揭示了miR-17~92家族miRNA作为新的调控因子,通过调控巨噬细胞分泌的促炎和抑炎因子之间的平衡,在维持脂肪组织巨噬细胞稳态中发挥重要功能,为肥胖等疾病的治疗提供了新的思路和方向。

清华大学免疫学研究所胡小玉教授为本文的通讯作者,博士后张翔为本文的第一作者。此外,该研究还得到了美国圣路易斯大学医学院刘建国教授和清华大学免疫学研究所吴励教授的大力支持。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金委、清华大学-北京大学生命科学联合中心以及清华大学免疫学研究所的资助。

原始出处:

Xiang Zhang, Jianguo Liu, Li Wu,et al.MicroRNAs of the miR-17~92 family maintain adipose tissue macrophage homeostasis by sustaining IL-10 expression.Elife. 2020 Nov 5;9:e55676. doi: 10.7554/eLife.55676.

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    2021-09-28 smallant2002
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    2021-07-18 clmlylxy
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    2021-09-07 膀胱癌
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    2020-11-08 Homburg
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    2020-11-08 医生2397
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    2020-11-06 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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