Cell Metabolism:线粒体中AKG可逆转衰老

2020-09-23 网络 网络

近日,美国巴克衰老研究所在《Cell Metabolism》内发表研究:实验发现,常见的膳食补充剂AKG能够将生物生理年龄平均降低8.5岁,最大甚至可以降低16岁。

近日,美国巴克衰老研究所在Cell Metabolism发表研究:实验发现,常见的膳食补充剂AKG能够将生物生理年龄平均降低8.5岁,最大甚至可以降低16岁。

常见的膳食补充剂竟能逆转"衰老时钟"16年

据了解,该研究是美国Ponce De Leon Health公司与巴克衰老研究所共同主导的,研究主要针对AKG的混合物质和混合疗法对衰老的逆向作用。

所谓的AKG是指α-酮戊二酸(Alpha-Ketoglutarate,AKG),这是一种常见的膳食补充剂,经常会添加在健身补剂内,健身达人可能都有所了解。AKG是三羟酸循环的关键分子,决定了机体三羟酸循环的整体速率,AKG能够通过影响线粒体功能,抑制mTOR信号,通过抑制ATP合成酶的表达来实现长寿调节。

早在2014年,AKG就作为一种可能的抗衰补剂引起了人们的关注,当时英国《自然》杂志的研究报告内称:"在线虫的饮食里添加α-酮戊二酸,可以延长它们的寿命50%左右。"

该项目的主要负责人遗传生物学家Brian Kennedy教授说:"我们在与衰老相关的数十种化合物里层层筛选,最后跳出来的分子是跳出来的分子是α-酮戊二酸,所以最终决定进一步进行不如动物的研究。"

在今年上半年已经公布的中期数据来看:有约三分之二的被试对象显示出了寿命降低的效果,寿命平均提高了12%,同时发病率平均降低了46%。根据最终实验数据显示:喂食AKG的被试对象在"虚弱"测试得分平均高出40%以上,"虚弱"测试是根据31个生理属性进行的,包括毛发颜色、听力、步态和握力等。

值得注意的是:实验内雌性小鼠的寿命比对照组小鼠的平均寿命长8%到20%,如果类比于人相当于最长延长了16年的寿命。

 

长寿的通路

Kennedy教授介绍:"从某种意义上说,就像辅酶一样,AKG的水平会随着年龄的增长而下降,因此需要将其补充到更年轻的水平。同时,它也参与了人体成千上万的化学反应。"

其中所提到的这种辅酶也是长寿的重要通路之一,根据《CELL》等权威学术期刊的论文数据来看,在早期的动物实验时,证明了其在维持端粒长度方面的作用,曾在实验时延长被试对象近30%的寿命,以此为核心成分的艾沐茵也迅速蹿红。

该酶补充剂一经推出,就受到了广泛关注,今年8月,基因港在浙江兴建工厂,专门用于该物质的研发和生产。

除此之外,二甲双胍、雷帕霉素等药物也是老化的重要靶点,目前都在进一步的临床实验当中。

其实中国古代就已经有热量限制的概念,只不过那时叫做辟谷。《庄子•逍遥游》中说:"藐姑射之山,有神人居焉。肌肤若冰雪,淖约若处子,不食五谷,吸风饮露,乘云气,御飞龙,而游乎四海之外。"这也许就是那时候的养生之道。事实证明,热量限制确实能够通过改变表观遗传以达到延长寿命的目的。当然这里指的是卡路里的摄入,当然必要的营养还是需要维持。

慢性炎症的相关研究也是老年研究中的重要通路之一,根据《自然杂志》的相关研究介绍:免疫系统的衰老是"发炎"的病因之一,在细胞和组织中,年长的生物体往往有更高水平的炎症标记物,引起一个低级、无菌和慢性炎性状态,炎症与许多与衰老引起的疾病有关。目前该项研究还在进一步深入之中,也期待未来能够取得更多的成果。

想长寿,似乎没那么容易

虽然目前已经有很多的研究发现了长寿科技的相关通路,但想长寿,似乎也并没有那么容易,目前大部分的研究都还囿于实验室之内,尚不能做到大规模的生产和市场投放。

事实上,从实验室常用的酵母、线虫、大鼠小鼠等虽然在基因方面和人体非常类似,但是仍然存在很大的差异,人与人之间也存在这年龄、性别、症状等差异,动物实验成功之后,也有可能会止步于人体实验,甚至在动物和临床实验中会取得完全相反的结果。

另外,目前很多的抗衰通路还没没有突破副作用的影响,例如在动物实验中,雷帕霉素曾经造成大鼠不孕的现象,二甲双胍也存在目前无法突破的毒性。

由于辅酶物质等属于身体内源性物质,尚未发现明确的副作用,但是受限于成本、贮存、运输等方面的特定条件,很难进行量产,如果能够进行量产也注定伴随着高价格、高难度,难免沦为成为富商巨贾的专属游戏,难以飞入寻常百姓家。

困难重重似乎是所有抗衰研究的代名词,但是一旦产生突破,其效果将无法估量。在小范围动物实验和临床试验成功后,Kennedy教授准备在印第安纳大学进行一项更大的,包含随机、双盲、安慰剂等相关对照组的临床试验。但从临床到上市还有很长时间路要走,即便成功上市,也可能面临更多新的问题。

"希望后续试验中我们看到慢性炎症减轻的情况,验证我们在动物实验中看到的结果,并且希望我们鞥能够证明表观遗传始终的变化,那可能会是一大突破。"对后续的临床实验,Kennedy教授显得信心满满

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    2021-06-22 一闲
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    2021-08-01 爆笑小医
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    2021-08-06 guojianrong
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896747, encodeId=067d1896e4774, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Tue Jun 22 07:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962288, encodeId=278a19622887d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sun Aug 01 11:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888214, encodeId=b9271888214c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Aug 06 11:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871987, encodeId=75cf18e19874e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon May 03 08:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577235, encodeId=73ea15e723590, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:32:07 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598070, encodeId=53f815980e07c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:32:07 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887614, encodeId=ad4388e61495, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>人类永恒的话题🤝🤝🤲🦋, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 10:34:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887578, encodeId=c52188e578a2, content=线粒体是真的牛批, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200923/678d36f4a7e54ac884bdc40a17efb64a/fae4f0f861984b2d9933ec4f59909fb7.jpg, createdBy=72195250989, createdName=祈愿zrz, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 08:24:39 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896747, encodeId=067d1896e4774, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Tue Jun 22 07:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962288, encodeId=278a19622887d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sun Aug 01 11:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888214, encodeId=b9271888214c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Aug 06 11:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871987, encodeId=75cf18e19874e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon May 03 08:32:07 CST 2021, time=2021-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577235, encodeId=73ea15e723590, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:32:07 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598070, encodeId=53f815980e07c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 22:32:07 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887614, encodeId=ad4388e61495, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4c239032154' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#衰老#</a>人类永恒的话题🤝🤝🤲🦋, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90321, encryptionId=4c239032154, topicName=衰老)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 10:34:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887578, encodeId=c52188e578a2, content=线粒体是真的牛批, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200923/678d36f4a7e54ac884bdc40a17efb64a/fae4f0f861984b2d9933ec4f59909fb7.jpg, createdBy=72195250989, createdName=祈愿zrz, createdTime=Wed Sep 23 08:24:39 CST 2020, time=2020-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2020-09-24 闆锋旦
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    2020-09-23 lovetcm

    #衰老#人类永恒的话题🤝🤝🤲🦋

    0

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    2020-09-23 祈愿zrz

    线粒体是真的牛批

    0