小儿川崎病的超声诊断标准

2018-06-07 佚名 即时超声

川崎病(Kawasaki disease ,KD):又称皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征,表现主要有发热、皮肤黏膜损害、淋巴结肿大等。主要病理变化是以冠状动脉损害为主的全身血管炎。

川崎病(Kawasaki disease ,KD):又称皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征,表现主要有发热、皮肤黏膜损害、淋巴结肿大等。主要病理变化是以冠状动脉损害为主的全身血管炎。

发病年龄:婴儿与儿童,好发于6-18月的婴幼儿,80%-85%的患者在5岁以内。男女比例为1.35:1-1.5:1。文献报道冠状动脉病变的检出率依次LCA、RCA。

诊断标准:

发热5天以上,伴下列5项临床表现中4项者,排除其他疾病后,即可诊断川崎病。

(1)眼结合膜充血,非化脓性。

(2)唇充血皴裂,口腔黏膜弥漫充血,舌乳头突起,充血呈草莓舌。

(3)四肢变化:急性期(1-11天),手足指趾肿胀,掌跖潮红;恢复期指趾端膜状脱皮。

(4)躯干、四肢多形性红斑。

(5)颈部淋巴结肿大。

注:如5项临床表现中不足4项,但超声心动图有冠状动脉损害,亦可确诊川崎病。

如发热只伴有其他三项,但见冠状动脉瘤者亦可诊断。

川崎病对心脏的损害

主要是以冠状动脉损害为主的全身血管炎。可以导致冠状动脉的扩张、冠状动脉瘤及冠状动脉血栓。发生部位多为左右冠状动脉的近端。

超声表现:

1.冠状动脉改变。

2.急性期可见心包积液、左室内径增大,二尖瓣、三尖瓣反流。

3.可出现心功能变化及节段性心肌运动障碍。

左室射血分数、二尖瓣口舒张期血流速度可正常,组织多普勒二尖瓣环收缩期速度和位移及舒张期速度低于正常儿童

4.CDFI显示冠状动脉内血流信号缓慢,可呈现涡流。


(胸骨左缘主动脉短轴切面扫查,10~11点钟位置可见扩张的右冠脉主干,内径约0.60 cm。)





(3~4点钟位置可见扩张的左冠脉主干和前降支及回旋支近段,左冠脉主干内径约0.45 cm,整个冠脉扩张较均匀,其内未见血栓形成。)


(冠脉多普勒血流检查可检测到左冠脉主干血流信号及频谱,未见明显异常。左心二腔切面、心尖四腔切面等非标准多切面探查未见明显远端冠脉扩张,左心二腔切面可检测到前降支远端的血流信号及频谱,未见明显异常。)

川崎病的冠状动脉分级标准:

轻度(冠状动脉扩张)35%-45% ,轻度损害,内径增宽,内径小于4mm,发病30-60天内内径恢复正常。

中度(冠状动脉瘤),出现球状、囊状、梭形扩张,或呈串珠样改变,内径4-8mm,发病1-2年内消退,一部分转为狭窄。

重度(巨大冠状动脉瘤)5%,明显扩张,病变广泛,累及1支以上

,内径达到或超过8mm,血栓形成,内膜增厚、狭窄或闭塞。

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    2024-01-24 liqinghua_happy 来自北京

    很好

    0

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    2018-06-17 飘飘爱

    很好

    0

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