一文读懂丨胃糜烂与胃溃疡异同点

2022-04-14 王伯军大夫谈消化 王伯军大夫谈消化

胃糜烂与胃溃疡,区别与联系,一文了然!

经常有病人问"胃糜烂"严重还是"胃溃疡"严重,今天就与大家比较一下"胃糜烂"与"胃溃疡"各方面的异同点。

1、胃糜烂与胃溃疡的概念与分型

谈论这个话题,先要了解一下胃壁分层。胃壁分为:粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层、浆膜层。胃粘膜层,又分为:上皮层、粘膜肌层。

糜烂性胃炎,分为急性和慢性;内镜下又可分为:平坦型、隆起型。急性糜烂多为平坦型糜烂,隆起型糜烂多为慢性病变。

隆起型糜烂,病变隆起,表面糜烂,进一步又分为非成熟型和成熟型。

非成熟隆起性糜烂,病灶由于炎症充血水肿而隆起,大多数胃镜描述“见散在点片状糜烂,部分呈隆起型糜烂”,即为此种类型;

成熟隆起性糜烂,是由于反反复复的炎症,病灶纤维组织增生而隆起,典型者病灶隆起表面呈脐样凹陷,该病又称疣状胃炎。

胃溃疡,也分急慢性,急性溃疡病变比较浅;慢性溃疡,一般大而深,可反复发作。一般所说的胃溃疡大多是指慢性溃疡。

2、病变深度

糜烂:缺损不超过粘膜层,即只有粘膜浅层的缺损,比较浅。

溃疡:缺损超过粘膜肌层,即深度已达粘膜下层,甚至可以达到肌层;当溃疡深度突破浆膜层时,就是胃穿孔。


3、病变部位数量及分布特点

一般来讲,胃糜烂大多数呈多个点、片状,散在分布。

胃溃疡,大多数为单个,2个以上者就很少了。

4、并发症

急性糜烂性胃炎,是上消化道出血的重要病因之一,约占上消化道出血的20%,大多为少量出血,少数可致命性出血,此时又称急性出血糜烂性胃炎或急性胃黏膜病变;

慢性糜烂性胃炎,也可发生出血,一般为少量出血。糜烂,病变较浅,不会发生穿孔。

胃溃疡,发生出血者不少,出血量的多少与侵蚀的血管大小有关,发生中到大量出血者较多;溃疡深时可穿孔。

5、癌变

急性糜烂性胃炎不会癌变,平坦型糜烂即使病理活检有异型增生(注:异型增生是公认的胃癌前病变),大多为细胞炎症变性引起,治疗后能消失,但要注意部分早期胃癌可表现为单个糜烂样病灶,要注意鉴别,必要时胃镜复查;疣状胃炎,由于病灶反复炎症纤维化增生,细胞在炎症修复过程中可突变而发生癌变。

胃溃疡有一定癌变几率,当患者疼痛节律发生改变(胃溃疡本来是反复规律性餐后疼痛,现在变成了无规律性疼痛)或原先治疗有效的药物变得无效或合并消瘦时,要警惕溃疡癌变的可能。

6、治疗效果

胃糜烂与溃疡的治疗原则相同,首先是根除幽门螺杆菌,然后主要是止酸剂(质子泵抑制剂或H2受体阻滞剂,以前者效果为好)联合胃粘膜保护剂治疗。

平坦型糜烂治疗效果最好,短时间就可以愈合,但当胃内细菌或病毒感染、饮食不当、药物、剧烈运动、紧张焦虑等等因素容易再发。尤其与饮食、药物关系较大,有些病人幽门螺杆菌已根除但每年做胃镜,仍然是慢性浅表性胃炎伴糜烂,就是这个关系。

其次是非成熟隆起型糜烂,经过一段时间治疗,大多数隆起能够消退,糜烂能愈合。

疣状胃炎治疗效果最差,单纯药物治疗,隆起病变难以消退,有时表面糜烂也难愈合。如果病变个数少者,可内镜下氩离子、微波等凝固治疗,先用氩离子烧平隆起性病变,再用质子泵抑制剂联合胃粘膜保护剂治疗,即“先破坏后愈合”的方法;但当隆起性病变个数很多时,该方法会使胃粘膜创面很多,就很困难了。

慢性糜烂性胃炎对人体健康的危害不可忽视,如果不及时治疗,有效地遏制疾病的发展,也可发展为溃疡。

胃溃疡,很容易复发,但经过消化内科正规治疗,极大多数能够被根治,即不再复发。

要溃疡不复发,必须同时做到以下三方面:

1. 根除幽门螺杆菌。

2. 溃疡达到白色平坦型疤痕愈合,这大多数需要治疗三个月以上。

3. 胃粘膜炎症为轻度非活动性。

个人体会,胃溃疡的治疗要比疣状胃炎来的容易。

总之,一般情况而言,胃溃疡要比胃糜烂严重的多,但有时候出血糜烂性胃炎也比较严重,而疣状胃炎的治疗则更为困难。

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    2022-06-25 ms3904795622364427

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    2022-04-16 许安
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    2022-04-15 1482963am12暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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