Nat Commun:耗竭B细胞可逆转阿尔茨海默病的进展

2021-04-18 haibei MedSci原创

尽管表达了促进AD的转基因,但仅损失B细胞就足以减少Aβ斑块负担和疾病相关的小胶质细胞,此外,该疗法还分别逆转了行为和记忆障碍,并恢复了TGFβ+小胶质细胞。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,主要影响老年人。它与脑实质中有毒蛋白聚集物的清除障碍有关,如异常裂解的淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白(APP)产生的淀粉样蛋白-β(Aβ)肽。虽然在星形胶质细胞和TGFβ的帮助下,常驻小胶质细胞可以吞噬细胞外Aβ斑块,但是慢性炎症和Aβ的产生会破坏这个过程的稳态,导致细胞增殖和随后疾病相关的小胶质细胞(DAM)取代稳态小胶质细胞。

在遗传性TGFβ缺乏的小鼠中存在小胶质病和神经元死亡,DAM部分通过表达促炎细胞因子和下调Aβ斑块的吞噬作用,进一步加剧AD相关的神经炎症和神经元变性。

与AD风险和衰老之间的正相关一致,当全身炎症增加,疾病的进展也取决于外周炎症和先天免疫细胞的激活。然而,适应性免疫在AD中的作用仍然不甚明确,并且大多与T细胞同时发挥有益和有害的功能有关。例如,在APP/PS1小鼠中表达人APP的K670N和M671L瑞典突变以及L166P突变的presenilin 1(PS1),大脑中Th1 CD4+T细胞的浸润可能改善,也可能加重AD病情。此外,Rag2缺失APP/PS1小鼠AD的改善主要与病原性T细胞的丧失有关。虽然Rag缺失也会延缓功能性B细胞(除了T细胞)的发育,但B细胞在AD中的作用很少被探讨,大多被认为是有益的。

B细胞的主要产物,非特异性免疫球蛋白和Aβ特异性抗体可以提供神经保护左右。在5×FAD小鼠中,Rag缺失可以加剧AD,这是由于非特异性免疫球蛋白的损失,抑制了小胶质吞噬和随之而来的Aβ斑块的清除。

目前,B细胞在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中的功能尚未完全了解。虽然靶向淀粉样蛋白β(Aβ)的免疫球蛋白可能会干扰斑块的形成,从而影响疾病的进展,但B细胞的贡献可能不仅仅是产生免疫球蛋白。

最近,研究人员发现,AD与循环中活化的B细胞积累有关,也与B细胞渗入脑实质有关,导致Aβ斑块周围的免疫球蛋白沉积。利用三种不同的小鼠转基因模型,研究人员提供了AD进展需要B细胞的反直觉证据。

B细胞缺失可减轻AD小鼠海马的Aβ斑块负担和小胶质激活

尽管表达了促进AD的转基因,但仅损失B细胞就足以减少Aβ斑块负担和疾病相关的小胶质细胞,此外,该疗法还分别逆转了行为和记忆障碍,并恢复了TGFβ+小胶质细胞

因此,该研究表明,在疾病发生时治疗性地耗竭B细胞可延缓小鼠AD的进展,提示靶向B细胞也可使AD患者受益。

 

原始出处:

Ki Kim et al. Therapeutic B-cell depletion reverses progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Communications (2021). 

 

 

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    2021-07-07 liuli5079
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    2021-05-06 liye789132251
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