Nature Aging:发现治疗阿尔茨海默病的潜在新目标

2021-07-11 Viho MedSci原创

APOE4与淀粉样蛋白-β无关,通过周细胞中的亲环素A途径,加速阿尔茨海默病小鼠的晚期血脑屏障断裂和神经变性,对AD的血管和神经退行性疾病的发病和治疗有一定的意义。

与淀粉样斑块一样,遗传变异体APOE4长期以来一直与阿尔茨海默病(AD)有关,它的载脂蛋白E变异是AD发病的最强遗传危险因素人们对该基因在疾病过程中的作用仍然知之甚少。

发表在Nature Aging上的一项新研究,揭示了该基因如何运行导致阿尔茨海默病的一连串病理变化,还提出了一个新的治疗目标,可能会帮助携带APOE4基因的人在疾病的早期和晚期阶段。南加州大学凯克医学院的研究人员发现,APOE4与一种炎症蛋白的激活有关,这种蛋白会导致保护大脑的血脑屏障破裂。

这项研究建立在南加州大学最近的一项研究之上,研究显示APOE4引发了人类血脑屏障的泄漏,使有毒物质从血流中进入大脑,损害脑细胞并破坏认知功能。无论患者的大脑是否显示出淀粉样β的迹象,这一过程都会造成患者的记忆问题,淀粉样β是一种粘性斑块肽,被认为是AD的标志。

最新的研究结果还提出了一种新的潜在治疗方法,以减缓或预防与APOE4基因患者的阿尔茨海默病相关的认知能力下降,而与淀粉样β病理学无关。

研究人员正在进一步关注血管中的治疗目标,这些目标可以为阿尔茨海默病患者带来创新的治疗方法,包括疾病的早期和晚期阶段。研究人员在小鼠模型中的发现可能对治疗存在晚期淀粉样β病理的疾病特别有希望。

老年人血脑屏障破坏ApoE 4ApoE 4;

APOE4已被证明通过损害周细胞加速了血脑屏障的破坏,周细胞是加强和保护脑毛细血管的一层细胞,构成了血脑屏障。这种破坏还与具有APOE4基因的阿尔茨海默病患者脑血管中较高水平的环孢素A(一种促炎症蛋白)有关。

在这项研究中,南加州大学的研究人员专注于APOE4基因小鼠和APOE3基因小鼠的嗜环蛋白A,APOE4基因小鼠患阿尔茨海默病的风险很高。嗜环蛋白A存在于周细胞中,控制血管在维持血脑屏障完整性方面的强度。在APOE4小鼠中,研究人员发现嗜环蛋白酶A导致一种降解血脑屏障中血管的酶--基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)--变得活跃。这在APOE3基因的小鼠身上没有发生。

老年人周细胞嗜环蛋白A和基质金属蛋白酶-9水平升高ApoE 4ApoE 4

研究人员随后尝试用一种已知的抑制环孢素A的抑制剂治疗APOE4小鼠。该抑制剂不仅改善了APOE4小鼠血脑屏障的完整性,而且还防止了神经元进一步丧失和行为缺陷的发展。研究人员观察到,用该抑制剂治疗的APOE4小鼠在日常活动中没有表现出行为障碍。这表明,针对这一途径的治疗可能也有可能减缓拥有APOE4基因的阿尔茨海默病患者的血管和神经退行性疾病的进展。

进一步研究专注于血脑屏障修复和血管强度的干预措施,独立于淀粉样病理学,APOE4与淀粉样蛋白无关,通过周细胞中的亲环素A途径,加速阿尔茨海默病小鼠的晚期血脑屏障断裂和神经变性,对AD的血管和神经退行性疾病的发病和治疗有一定的意义,对减缓或阻止晚期AD的神经变性和认知能力下降非常具有潜力。"

文章参考:Axel Montagne, Angeliki M. Nikolakopoulou, Mikko T. Huuskonen, Abhay P. Sagare, Erica J. Lawson, Divna Lazic, Sanket V. Rege, Alexandra Grond, Edward Zuniga, Samuel R. Barnes, Jacob Prince, Meghana Sagare, Ching-Ju Hsu, Mary J. LaDu, Russell E. Jacobs, Berislav V. Zlokovic. APOE4 accelerates advanced-stage vascular and neurodegenerative disorder in old Alzheimer’s mice via cyclophilin A independently of amyloid-βNature Aging, 2021; 1 (6): 506 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00073-z

 

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    2022-07-24 郭军

    有学习到

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    2022-04-26 liye789132251
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    2021-07-11 ms6000000055605696

    学习!

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    2021-07-11 Avigo

    学习学习

    0

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小脑高代谢是阿尔茨海默病的一个强大的神经影像学特征。此外,小脑的高代谢与该区域介数中心性的增加有关,表明小脑在AD期间大脑连接变化中起着重要作用。

J Control Release:艾地苯醌纳米棒制剂治疗阿尔茨海默病的疗效好

IDBNRs在不同介质中具有快速释放活性药物和体外抗氧化能力

Neurology:血管周围间隙扩张是小血管病的生物标记物

EPVS在疾病早期也与SVD相关,支持EPVS是SVD标记物的假设,但不支持EPVS在AD早期发病机制中的作用。但与认知的相关性缺乏表明EPVS的临床重要性有限,特别是在AD的早期疾病阶段。

拓展阅读

施一公团队发现APOE4受体,揭示阿尔茨海默病最强风险因子致病原因

首次在结构上阐明APOE结合受体复合物,揭示了关于APOE亚型特异性和受体介导信号的线索。

AD文献阅读:Nature—APOE4通过诱导少突胶质细胞胆固醇代谢障碍进而驱动髓鞘损害

科学家提供了一个单细胞图谱,描述APOE4对衰老人脑的转录调控作用,并建立了APOE4、胆固醇、髓鞘形成和记忆之间的功能联系,为阿尔茨海默病提供了治疗策略。

Nature:蔡立慧团队揭示阿尔茨海默病基因APOE4是如何破坏大脑的,并找到潜在疗法

APOE4通过影响神经元的胆固醇转运来减少髓鞘的形成,从而诱发阿尔茨海默病。这些发现表明胆固醇失调可能是阿尔茨海默病发病的重要原因,为阿尔茨海默病的治疗提供了新的途径。

Mol Psychiatry:APOE4+的非裔个体患AD的风险比欧裔个体低

痴呆症在黑人中比在白人中更为普遍,这可能是由于环境和生物因素的共同作用。矛盾的是,临床研究表明非裔 (AFR) 的

Cell: APOE4驱动星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞脂代谢失调,可增加阿尔茨海默病风险

作者在hiPSC模型,AD患者的脑组织和APOE-TR小鼠证明了APOE4基因在人类当中的独特作用。

Neurology:阿尔茨海默病多基因风险评分与脑淀粉样蛋白沉积的关系

脑淀粉样沉积是阿尔茨海默病(AD)的主要危险因素。依赖于AD遗传风险因素(不包括APOE)的PRSS可以改善脑淀粉样蛋白的风险预测,允许对认知正常的AD风险个体进行分层,而不依赖于他们的APOE状态。