J Neurosurg:如何处理高级别脑动静脉畸形?

2016-06-04 MedSci MedSci原创

目前,脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的治疗主要是血管内栓塞、显微手术切除、立体定向放疗(SRS)和随访观察等几种手段的综合治疗。对于高级别的,即Spetzler-Martin分级在III至V级的AVM,其体积大、部位深或累及功能区,单纯手术切除风险很大。单次SRS的总放射剂量低,不适合用于高级别AVM。体积分割SRS(VS-SRS)将AVM畸形团分割为2-3个部分进行放疗,可以达到更高的放射剂量,但治愈率

目前,脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的治疗主要是血管内栓塞、显微手术切除、立体定向放疗(SRS)和随访观察等几种手段的综合治疗。对于高级别的,即Spetzler-Martin分级在III至V级的AVM,其体积大、部位深或累及功能区,单纯手术切除风险很大。单次SRS的总放射剂量低,不适合用于高级别AVM。体积分割SRS(VS-SRS)将AVM畸形团分割为2-3个部分进行放疗,可以达到更高的放射剂量,但治愈率仍不理想。美国加州大学旧金山分校神经外科的Adib A. Abla团队提出VS-SRS结合手术切除的治疗方案,结果发表在2015年2月的《J Neurosurg》上。

作者搜集自1992年至2012年间接受VS-SRS治疗的74例患者临床资料,包括Spetzler-Martin分级、补充Spetzler-Martin分级和改良Rankin评分(mRS)。AVM患者在治疗前均在由神经内外科医生、神经介入医生、放射肿瘤科医生和gamma刀技术员组成的多学科会议上进行讨论,对于不适合手术切除的高级别AVM,首先采用VS-SRS治疗。每次放疗靶标的体积小于8-10cm3,剂量大于17Gy,前后次放疗间隔3-6个月;放疗结束后12个月行MRI扫描,36个月行DSA检查。如果患者的Spetzler-Martin分级显著下降,则安排进一步手术切除术(图1)。

图1. III至V级AVM患者治疗流程图。Embo=栓塞;S-M=Spetzler-Martin评分。

在74例患者中, 8例(10.8%)获得治愈,50例(67.6%)未见明显疗效,16例(21.6%)进一步接受显微手术治疗。该16例患者平均年龄25岁;其中10例女性,6例男性;4例患者以AVM破裂出血为首发症状。在2~5次,平均2.7次的VS-SRS治疗之后,患者Spetzler-Martin分级、补充Spetzler-Martin分级和AVM平均直径分别由术前的4.0级、7.1级和5.0cm下降至2.5级、5.6级和3.0cm。其中,14例Spetzler-Martin分级等于或低于III级,13例补充Spetzler-Martin分级等于或低于6级,达到适合手术切除的指征(图2)。

20150421-3-2.jpg

图2. 16名患者AVM的具体分布位置。

从VS-SRS治疗至显微手术切除的间隔时间为0.5-18.7年,平均5.7年。在此期间,4例患者AVM出血而接受手术,6例在手术切除前接受介入栓塞治疗。最终,1例因AVM位于感觉性语言中枢未全切除,其余15例(93.8%)均获得AVM全切除(图3)。

20150421-3-3.jpg

图3. 16例AVM患者VS-SRS前、手术切除前和术后最后一次随访时的影像学评估结果。

患者在VS-SRS前、手术切除前和最后一次随访时的平均mRS评分分别为1.2、2.3和2.2分。随访时间0.5-19.5年,平均为6.9年。其中,10例患者(62.5%)mRS评分0-1分,属良好;4例mRS 3分,属不佳,其中1例在VS-SRS治疗后病情加重,1例在VS-SRS起效期间AVM破裂出血,1例AVM位于运动区手术后症状加重,1例手术后2天并发迟发性静脉栓塞导致病情加重;2例患者死亡(12.5%),其中1例为AVM位于额叶运动区,在VS-SRS治疗后第6个月破裂再出血,虽经去骨瓣减压和AVM切除,仍死亡;另1例在VS-SRS后出现窦旁静脉狭窄和堵塞,导致严重的半球水肿,死亡。

表1. VS-SRS结合手术切除组与单纯VS-SRS高级别AVM患者的临床资料对比。

20150421-3-4.jpg

综上所述,VS-SRS可以降低AVM等级,从而致使高级别AVM转化为可手术切除的低级别AVM。因此,VS-SRS结合手术切除可以提高高级别AVM的治愈率,但该治疗方案的可行性和安全性有待大样本的多中心、前瞻性临床研究加以验证。

原始出处:

Abla AA, Rutledge WC, Seymour ZA, Guo D, Kim H, Gupta N, Sneed PK, Barani IJ, Larson D, McDermott MW, Lawton MT. A treatment paradigm for high-grade brain arteriovenous malformations: volume-staged radiosurgical downgrading followed by microsurgical resection. J Neurosurg. 2015 Feb;122(2):419-32. doi: 10.3171/2014.10.JNS1424

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    2017-04-19 fusion
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    2016-10-13 ylzr123

    好文值得点赞!继续关注学习。

    0

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    2016-06-23 微分

    进一步证实

    0

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    2016-06-06 zhouqu_8
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    2016-06-06 lsndxfj
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    2016-06-05 沉心多思

    不错的文章,多学习

    0

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    2016-06-05 沉心多思

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