Cell:肺病为什么咳嗽?

2020-03-22 佚名 生物通

研究结果发表在3月5日的《Cell》杂志上,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)称,这项研究将有助于减少全球十大杀手疾病之一结核病的肆虐。

我们知道咳嗽有助于呼吸道疾病传播,停止引发咳嗽的因素可以大大减少疾病传播。

肺结核是一种传染性很强的疾病,每年全球130万人死于肺结核。德州大学达拉斯分校高级疼痛研究中心的研究人员与犹他西南医学中心合作,精确定位了结核杆菌制造的一种诱发感染者咳嗽的分子。

他们的研究结果发表在3月5日的《Cell》杂志上,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)称,这项研究将有助于减少全球十大杀手疾病之一结核病的肆虐。

行为与脑科学学院神经科学Eugene McDermott教授Ted Price博士说:“在美国结核病的致死率已经大大降低,但对一些国家仍是一个巨大的问题,我们希望能对阻止这种疾病的传播。”

这篇文章出人意料的是,现有假设往往将咳嗽与感染引起的肺部炎症或刺激联系起来,实际却是对疼痛刺激作出反应的神经细胞,伤害感受器(nociceptors),才是引起与肺结核相关的咳嗽的罪魁祸首。

Price说:“从来没有人证明过肺结核会产生一种直接作用于肺部感觉神经支配的刺激物。”

研究人员先测试了啮齿动物,试图找到引起咳嗽或引发伤害性受体的某种结核分枝杆菌成分或产物。他们确定了一种叫做硫脂蛋白1(SL-1)的脂肪酸,这是一种疼痛反应触发物。随后他们在分离的人类伤害感受器细胞中复制了这种反应。最后,研究人员改造了一株结核分枝杆菌,使其不产生SL-1。感染的啮齿动物会出现其他肺结核症状,但不会咳嗽了。

Price说,如果研究人员能够证明抑制咳嗽不会恶化肺结核患者的病情,那么通过开发一种抑制SL-1产生的药物,可以防止疾病的传播。

“活动性肺结核患者即使接受了适当的治疗,也可能咳嗽数月并继续传播疾病,”文章通讯作者、西南大学内科和微生物学副教授Michael Shiloh博士说。“有朝一日,医生在给患者使用抗生素的同时,可以再使用一种止咳的药物,反过来,停止咳嗽可以防止疾病扩散。”

原始出处:Ruhl CR1, Pasko BL1, Khan HS1, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sulfolipid-1 Activates Nociceptive Neurons and Induces Cough. Cell. 2020 Mar 2.

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    2020-12-10 amy0559
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    2020-05-18 docwu2019