时永全:胃黏膜肠化生临床研究进展

2014-12-18 第四军医大学西京消化病医院 时永全 中华医学信息导报

胃黏膜肠化生(IM)是指胃黏膜上皮细胞被肠型上皮细胞所替代的一种病理状态。按照肠化生细胞表达小肠酶的差异,IM可以分为完全型和不完全型,按照肠化生细胞的病理形态可以分为小肠型和大肠型,按照肠化生细胞在胃腺体细胞中所占的比例可以分为轻、中、重度。由于肠化生是常见的胃黏膜癌前病变,其防治研究日益受到关注。 大量的流行病学资料表明,在接受胃镜检查者中,10%以上的患者存在IM。2014年,我国

胃黏膜肠化生(IM)是指胃黏膜上皮细胞被肠型上皮细胞所替代的一种病理状态。按照肠化生细胞表达小肠酶的差异,IM可以分为完全型和不完全型,按照肠化生细胞的病理形态可以分为小肠型和大肠型,按照肠化生细胞在胃腺体细胞中所占的比例可以分为轻、中、重度。由于肠化生是常见的胃黏膜癌前病变,其防治研究日益受到关注。

大量的流行病学资料表明,在接受胃镜检查者中,10%以上的患者存在IM。2014年,我国慢性胃炎协作组在全国16个城市33个内镜中心联合开展胃病调查,共检查患者8892人,其中23.6%的患者存在肠化生。一般认为,小肠型肠化生广泛见于多种良性胃病,常发生于慢性胃炎,尤其是慢性萎缩性胃炎。大肠型肠化生在良性胃病中检出率较低,但在肠型胃癌癌旁黏膜检出率高达88.2%。

胃黏膜肠化生与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染、胃癌患者一级亲属、老年人、胆汁反流密切相关。临床研究的荟萃分析显示,Hp感染可使肠化生的风险增加4.5~9.0倍,胃癌患者一级亲属发生肠化生的风险是普通人的1.98倍。胃黏膜肠化生的发生率随年龄的增长而显著增加,60岁以上老年人的风险是40岁以下中青年人的3~10倍。动物实验和临床调查还发现,胆汁反流尤其是胆汁酸反流可显著促进IM的发生。

临床研究发现,在胃癌高发区肠化生的发病率显著高于胃癌低发区,80%肠型胃癌和60%以上弥漫性胃癌癌旁组织中均可检测到肠化生,提示肠化生和胃癌发生密切相关。随访研究表明,肠化生可使胃癌发生风险增加约6倍,不完全肠化生、大肠型肠化生、中重度肠化生、胃体及小弯受累者癌变风险更高。

临床干预研究表明,根除Hp有可能使IM进展得以控制;在根除Hp基础上长期补充维生素A和C可以使约20%患者的肠化生得以改善;在根除Hp的基础上使用塞来昔布2~3个月可以使IM的改善率提高至42%。但由于缺乏癌变风险的分析,并且考虑到长期使用维生素A和维生素C以及塞来昔布的安全性,目前并不推荐肠化生患者使用这些药物进行癌变的预防。

应鼓励IM患者接受定期的胃镜随访。当胃镜检查发现肠化生时,应检测是否存在Hp感染,并确定肠化生的类型。如果存在Hp感染应给予根除治疗,如果患者为中重度肠化生、不完全肠化生、大肠型肠化生或胃癌患者一级亲属,推荐每年接受一次胃镜检查。如果不存在上述情况,则推荐每2~3年接受一次胃镜检查。

IM是胃癌发生的重要中间阶段,重视对肠化生状态的监测和随访将会显著提高早期胃癌的发现率,并最终提高胃癌患者的治疗效果、延长患者生存时间。


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    2015-09-08 baoya
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    2014-12-20 楚钟
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    2014-12-20 snowpeakxu