Biological Psychiatry:母亲消极教养影响青少年抑郁情绪的神经基础及其遗传效应

2020-08-13 李新影研究组 中科院心理所

青少年处在大脑发育的关键时期,也是焦虑与抑郁等症状迅速增加的高危时期。杏仁核是感知、识别和调节情绪的大脑中枢,前额叶皮层与人类的高级认知功能密切相关,杏仁核与前额叶的双向联系在人类情绪调节中具有作用。

青少年处在大脑发育的关键时期,也是焦虑与抑郁等内化症状迅速增加的高危时期。杏仁核是感知、识别和调节情绪的大脑中枢,前额叶皮层与人类的高级认知功能密切相关,杏仁核与前额叶的双向联系在人类情绪调节中具有重要作用。

现有研究表明,青少年抑郁与以杏仁核为核心的情绪脑环路的发育密切相关,而后者又受到遗传与环境因素协同作用的影响。例如,在不良家庭氛围中成长的个体在对愤怒等消极情绪面孔命名时,杏仁核的激活增强,并且杏仁核与腹外侧前额叶间的激活存在正向关联,这表明腹外侧前额叶(vlPFC)并不能有效调节个体面对威胁刺激时杏仁核的过度反应。对儿童双生子的研究发现,杏仁核与前额叶间的神经环路受到中等程度的遗传因素影响。

然而,杏仁核与腹外侧前额叶间的脑环路是否是母亲消极教养影响青少年抑郁的认知神经基础,以及该环路受到遗传因素影响的程度,至今尚不清楚。

鉴于此,中国科学院心理健康重点实验室李新影研究组与北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室秦绍正团队合作,从北京双生子数据库(Beijing Twin Study ,BeTwiSt)中选取了100个同卵和78个异卵的同性别双生子进行了3年多的纵向研究,以考察青少年早期(13岁左右)的母亲教养方式对青少年中期(16岁左右)杏仁核脑环路发育及抑郁症状的影响,并明确遗传因素所占的比重。

研究结果发现,青少年早期母亲以过度严厉、敌意为典型特征的消极教养方式,会影响青少年中期以杏仁核及其相关亚区为核心的脑网络功能连接模式。其中,杏仁核与腹外侧前额叶(vlPFC)的功能连接增强在母亲消极教养与青少年抑郁之间起着关键的中介作用。结合基于脑的双生子ACE模型,研究者进一步发现,杏仁核-腹外侧前额叶环路的遗传度为21%。

该研究率先在“遗传-环境-脑功能-心理行为”框架下,系统考察了青少年早期母亲教养行为通过脑网络功能对青少年中期抑郁等内化症状的影响。

研究结果表明,母亲消极教养与遗传因素通过对杏仁核与腹侧前额叶脑环路的中介作用,增加了青少年抑郁的风险。研究提示,母亲消极教养及其相关压力等不良家庭环境,可能通过诱发应激激素如皮质醇等分泌,作用于杏仁核与前额叶环路并导致该环路发育异常,进而引发青少年抑郁等情绪问题的发生发展。

该研究为研制抑郁等情绪问题的早期标记物以及早期干预的脑网络靶点提供新的启示。

该研究受到国家自然科学基金项目(No. 31530031, 31522028, 81571056)、山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2017WS759),及认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室开放基金(CNLZD1503)的支持。研究结果已在线发表于Biological Psychiatry,潍坊医学院的姜能志博士与北京师范大学的博士生徐家华为论文的共同第一作者。

原始出处:

Nengzhi Jiang, Jiahua Xu, Xinying Li, et al. Negative parenting affects adolescent internalizing symptoms through alterations in amygdala-prefrontal circuitry: A longitudinal twin study. Biological Psychiatry.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.002

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    2020-11-21 sunylz
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