Science得出惊悚结论:抽烟会让男性丢失Y染色体

2014-12-05 佚名 生物通

来自瑞典乌普萨拉大学等处的研究人员发表了题为“Smoking Is Associated with Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y”的文章,指出有抽烟习惯的男性比非烟民的男性,Y染色体丢失的几率要高三倍。这一发现也许解释了对于大部分癌症来说,为何男性比女性患癌和癌症死亡率几率都要大,而且抽烟为何对男性的影响,要比对女性的影响大。这一研究成果公布在12月5日Science杂志

来自瑞典乌普萨拉大学等处的研究人员发表了题为“Smoking Is Associated with Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y”的文章,指出有抽烟习惯的男性比非烟民的男性,Y染色体丢失的几率要高三倍。这一发现也许解释了对于大部分癌症来说,为何男性比女性患癌和癌症死亡率几率都要大,而且抽烟为何对男性的影响,要比对女性的影响大。

这一研究成果公布在12月5日Science杂志上。

传统理论中,科学家们将Y染色体的丢失解释为,它不能包含足够多的重要遗传信息,所以它可有可无。在这一过程中,任何重要的基因从Y转移到其他染色体,性别决定采取不同的路线。一些科学家甚至推测,在Y染色体上的所有基因丢失之前,人类Y染色体只大约只有1千万年。也有学者认为Y染色体的丢失与老年男性的非血液系统肿瘤的风险增加有关。

在这篇文章中,研究人员分析了超过6000份男性数据,计算他们的年龄、锻炼习惯、胆固醇水平、教育状况、酒精摄入量等多种健康和行为因素。

从中研究人员发现这种对于性别决定和精子生产至关重要的染色体,常常会在抽烟者血细胞中消失,而从来不抽烟,或者已经戒烟的人群,其血细胞中Y染色体消失数量较少。研究人员认为,这一影响似乎是依赖于不同剂量,一些已经戒烟的男性血细胞中又会重新获得Y染色体。

虽然Y染色体的丢失是癌症发展的一个促成因素,还是说仅仅丢失的染色体导致癌症发展还有待进一步分子,但是这些研究发现将和这种可预防的风险因素:抽烟,与人体最常见的突变之一:Y染色体丢失联系在了一起,对于未来解析癌症,以及Y染色体演化具有重要意义。

关于Y染色体的丢失,近期还有一组研究人员提出了一种新假说,他们通过对4000多种甲虫的遗传信息进行研究,提出了关于“为什么一些物种的Y染色体丢失,而另外一些物种(如人类)却保留它”的一个新理论,称之为“脆性Y染色体假说”。

生物学家们的想法是,Y染色体的命运,深受减数分裂或精子生产在一个生物体内如何起作用的影响。他们认为,X和Y遗传信息融合或重组的区域,可以作为一个强大的线索,暗示物种在精子产生过程中处于Y染色体丢失的风险。先前的工作认为,Y染色体缺失是因为其携带更少的重要基因。

X和Y染色体基因控制人类的性别决定,XY染色体组合为男性,而XX染色体组合为女性。研究人员研究这些染色体的进化,在某种程度上,是为了了解关于人类进化和疾病的更多信息。某些疾病,如血友病,只与性染色体上的基因有关。


原始出处:

Jan P. Dumanski1,2,*, Chiara Rasi1,2, Mikael Lönn3, Hanna Davies1,2, Martin Ingelsson4, Vilmantas Giedraitis4, Lars Lannfelt4, Patrik K. E. Magnusson5, Cecilia M. Lindgren6,7, Andrew P. Morris6,8, David Cesarini9, Magnus Johannesson10, Eva Tiensuu Janson11, Lars Lind11, Nancy L. Pedersen5, Erik Ingelsson2,11, Lars A. Forsberg1,2,*Smoking is associated with mosaic loss of chromosome Y.Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1262092

Gunjan Sinha,Smoking erases Y chromosomes,Science 4 December 2014


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    2014-12-07 jichang
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    2014-12-07 gujh
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    2014-12-07 周虎

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