科学家质疑全基因组关联研究意义

2017-06-21 左丽媛 中国科学报

全基因组关联研究通过大量人群寻找与疾病或性状相关的DNA变异。

对于某种疾病而言,当比较足够多的患病与不患病人群基因组后,与疾病相关的遗传变异便有可能脱颖而出。这也是全基因组关联研究(GWAS)背后运行的哲学——十多年来,研究人员利用它来寻找包括精神分裂症和类风湿性关节炎在内的疾病的遗传关系。

然而现在,一项颇具挑战意味的分析对这一战略的未来提出了疑问,同时质疑资助者是否应该投入更多的资金到这些实验中去。

GWAS的范围正在迅速扩展到几十万,甚至上百万名患者。然而美国加利福尼亚州斯坦福大学遗传学家Jonathan Pritchard指出,生物学家可能会意识到,更大规模的研究会发现越来越多对疾病影响极小的基因变异,或者说“采样数”。他认为,这可能意味着常见疾病可以通过GWAS与几十万种DNA变异联系起来,也就是说在一个组织中很活跃的每个单独的DNA区域恰巧参与了一种疾病。

在6月15日发表于《细胞》杂志的一篇文章中,Pritchard和另外两位遗传学家指出,很多GWAS发现的遗传变异并不具有特定的疾病生物相关性,同时不能作为良好的药物靶点。相反,这些“外围”变异可能通过复杂的生化调控网络影响一些与疾病更直接相关的核心基因的活性。

“GWAS的隐含假设一直是,一旦你发现了基因突变,它们应该直接与你正在研究的疾病有关。”Pritchard说,“当你开始思考一个组织中有关的所有基因的表达时,它变得站不住脚,每个基因都有一个简单的生物学故事。”

许多遗传学家说,他们认为Pritchard的观点可能是正确的——由于对生化网络理解上的缺口,他阐述了对于解释GWAS的发现所面临的困难的广泛担忧。

“我认为这是非常合理的。”纽约基因组中心人类遗传学家Joe Pickrell说,“除非我们了解这些网络是如何联系的,否则我们可能不会真正学到任何有趣的东西。”

Pritchard认为,与更多、更大的GWAS不同,研究人员和资助者应该致力于绘制细胞中的调控网络。他说,目的在于将基因与疾病联系起来的生物学家应该专注于识别直接导致疾病的突变;其中有些变异是如此罕见,它们在GWAS中是无法找到的。

GWAS实验已经发现了一些有助于发展为疾病(如肥胖)的基因,但它们也带来了很多棘手的问题。GWAS发现的大部分遗传突变似乎都无法编码合成蛋白质的基因,因此也就很难解释它们与一种疾病或特征的联系。

在这项研究中,Pritchard的研究团队重新分析了来自2014年的一项研究的数据。研究人员评估了10万个能够影响一个人身高的DNA突变,但每个突变只有极小的影响;平均只有1/10毫米。这些突变往往位于不编码基因的区域,但却会影响整个区域的活性。

然而一些遗传学家表示,这并不意味着研究人员需要放弃GWAS研究。正在从事一项2型糖尿病GWAS研究的英国牛津大学人类遗传学家Mark McCarthy表示,尽管GWAS发现的遗传突变可能位于一种疾病的“外围”,但是识别出更多的突变可以让研究人员整合出与疾病相关的生物网络并了解它们之间的相互作用。“我们正在进行越来越大的GWAS研究,我们并不只是简单地做做实验。”他说,“我们还有大量伴随GWAS产生的生物学视点。”

马里兰州巴尔的摩市约翰斯·霍普金斯大学人类遗传学家Aravinda Chakravarti希望这项研究能够挑战他所谓的基因组学研究中的“牛仔”态度,即强调收集更多的基因关联以便理解其背后更深层次的生物学含义。“这是一篇优秀的论文,因为它踢了我们一脚,作为科学家,我们也时常需要这样。”

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    2017-09-08 saikp
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    2017-06-26 lyh994

    变异可能通过复杂的生化调控网络影响一些与疾病更直接相关的核心基因的活性。

    0

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    2017-06-21 我是谁??

    学习了。。。。

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1992759, encodeId=a8b11992e5949, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf29e339326' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究意义#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73393, encryptionId=cf29e339326, topicName=研究意义)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4902500082, createdName=1249883fm12暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 18 16:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735101, encodeId=b75a1e35101e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9aa5923e176' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#质疑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92371, encryptionId=9aa5923e176, topicName=质疑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3033872914, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Sep 08 21:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215588, encodeId=4c7e21558845, content=变异可能通过复杂的生化调控网络影响一些与疾病更直接相关的核心基因的活性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 10:50:38 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342208, encodeId=de83134220803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62eb2939954' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组关联研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29399, encryptionId=62eb2939954, topicName=全基因组关联研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jun 23 01:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546471, encodeId=dab615464e150, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 01:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213494, encodeId=cf10213494ac, content=学习了。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=28d72072417, createdName=我是谁??, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 11:00:46 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213490, encodeId=ba0b213490d7, content=学习了。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=28d72072417, createdName=我是谁??, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:59:43 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213479, encodeId=215a2134e9a5, content=学习了。。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=79351625688, createdName=1dd7a091m35(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:13:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213475, encodeId=ae672134e56d, content=学习了。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/icyLhIGqru6gIknBJqfuPhYUE4da7HxQiaMRRk8Ix0r6sfdeeibLPNib7H5IoNf4kYsecwUsmQC1eUMKsNb65twN7epPZaicdLRCu/0, createdBy=ba1a1999418, createdName=Norene, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:12:49 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-21 我是谁??

    学习了。。。。。

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1992759, encodeId=a8b11992e5949, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf29e339326' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究意义#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73393, encryptionId=cf29e339326, topicName=研究意义)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4902500082, createdName=1249883fm12暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 18 16:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735101, encodeId=b75a1e35101e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9aa5923e176' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#质疑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92371, encryptionId=9aa5923e176, topicName=质疑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3033872914, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Sep 08 21:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215588, encodeId=4c7e21558845, content=变异可能通过复杂的生化调控网络影响一些与疾病更直接相关的核心基因的活性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 10:50:38 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342208, encodeId=de83134220803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62eb2939954' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组关联研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29399, encryptionId=62eb2939954, topicName=全基因组关联研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jun 23 01:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546471, encodeId=dab615464e150, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 01:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213494, encodeId=cf10213494ac, content=学习了。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=28d72072417, createdName=我是谁??, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 11:00:46 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213490, encodeId=ba0b213490d7, content=学习了。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=28d72072417, createdName=我是谁??, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:59:43 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213479, encodeId=215a2134e9a5, content=学习了。。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=79351625688, createdName=1dd7a091m35(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:13:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213475, encodeId=ae672134e56d, content=学习了。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/icyLhIGqru6gIknBJqfuPhYUE4da7HxQiaMRRk8Ix0r6sfdeeibLPNib7H5IoNf4kYsecwUsmQC1eUMKsNb65twN7epPZaicdLRCu/0, createdBy=ba1a1999418, createdName=Norene, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:12:49 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-21 1dd7a091m35(暂无匿称)

    学习了。。。。。。

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1992759, encodeId=a8b11992e5949, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cf29e339326' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究意义#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73393, encryptionId=cf29e339326, topicName=研究意义)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d4902500082, createdName=1249883fm12暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 18 16:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735101, encodeId=b75a1e35101e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9aa5923e176' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#质疑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92371, encryptionId=9aa5923e176, topicName=质疑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3033872914, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Fri Sep 08 21:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=215588, encodeId=4c7e21558845, content=变异可能通过复杂的生化调控网络影响一些与疾病更直接相关的核心基因的活性。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Mon Jun 26 10:50:38 CST 2017, time=2017-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342208, encodeId=de83134220803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=62eb2939954' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组关联研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29399, encryptionId=62eb2939954, topicName=全基因组关联研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jun 23 01:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546471, encodeId=dab615464e150, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81eb2939373' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29393, encryptionId=81eb2939373, topicName=全基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dc2113925052, createdName=ms1692810954239974, createdTime=Fri Jun 23 01:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213494, encodeId=cf10213494ac, content=学习了。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=28d72072417, createdName=我是谁??, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 11:00:46 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213490, encodeId=ba0b213490d7, content=学习了。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=28d72072417, createdName=我是谁??, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:59:43 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213479, encodeId=215a2134e9a5, content=学习了。。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo51eheDrP8dFkRicVB5LyaVk2Nc1S87J8nCBgASWQ4rrorsyzzr0UzN8N5bibeqGofE7ZtdT6YNZHEQ/0, createdBy=79351625688, createdName=1dd7a091m35(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:13:58 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=213475, encodeId=ae672134e56d, content=学习了。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/icyLhIGqru6gIknBJqfuPhYUE4da7HxQiaMRRk8Ix0r6sfdeeibLPNib7H5IoNf4kYsecwUsmQC1eUMKsNb65twN7epPZaicdLRCu/0, createdBy=ba1a1999418, createdName=Norene, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 10:12:49 CST 2017, time=2017-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-21 Norene

    学习了。。。。。

    0

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