Clin Microbiol Infect:COVID-19患者呼吸和血流细菌感染的预测因子和微生物学

2021-12-07 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

虽然发现COVID-19患者的细菌联合其他感染的发生率很低(<5%),但大多数COVID-19住院患者(50 - 75%)都接受过抗生素治疗

人们越来越担心COVID-19对抗菌素耐药性的长期影响。虽然发现COVID-19患者的细菌联合其他感染的发生率很低(<5%),但大多数COVID-19住院患者(50 - 75%)都接受过抗生素治疗。继发细菌感染(发生于疾病后期)的发生率往往较高(10-20%),但通常与涉及侵入性设备的卫生保健相关感染有关,如呼吸机和中心静脉通路。关于COVID - 19合并细菌感染患者致病菌及其易感性的描述数据有限。在COVID-19中存在几个导致抗生素过度使用的原因,最显著的是1)在COVID-19检测结果前区分病毒感染和细菌感染的困难,以及2)在COVID-19检测阳性后明确排除细菌合并感染。更好地理解细菌联合感染和继发感染的人群水平预测因子可以帮助识别使用哪种抗生素,并进行抗菌药物的管理。此外,对COVID-19患者早期和晚期细菌感染中发现的常见微生物特征,可能有助于临床医生优化处方,特别是关于何时和哪种经验性治疗可能是有益的。本研究的目的是确定COVID-19患者呼吸和血流细菌感染的危险因素和微生物学。

方法:在一位医学图书馆信息专家的协助下,我们系统检索了2019年1月1日至2021年2月5日期间MEDLINE、OVID Epub和EMBASE数据库中任何语言的已发表文献。扩大的时间线旨在捕捉自我们为早期审查(2019年1月1日至2020年4月16日)进行系统搜索以来的新出版物(8)。当前搜索的结构包括COVID-19术语联合感染、细菌感染、呼吸道感染、流行病学或描述性队列研究术语。完整的搜索策略在在线补充中描述。将搜索结果导入在线系统评价软件工具COVID (Covidence,墨尔本,澳大利亚)。删除重复记录。

我们纳入了队列研究、50名或更多患者的病例系列研究和随机对照试验,这些试验没有评价抗生素作为干预的使用,但排除了评论、社论、信函和案例研究。我们排除了以下研究:1)包括未经实验室证实的COVID-19患者,2)仅使用鼻咽拭子检测联合感染,3)未区分细菌感染与其他联合感染或继发感染(如真菌),4)表明推测或怀疑细菌感染(如:使用白细胞计数,生物标记),5)使用血清学作为细菌感染诊断方法。

评估偏倚风险:我们使用了经过验证的10项偏倚风险工具用于疾病流行率。数据合成方法:主要关注的结果是COVID-19患者血液和/或呼吸道细菌联合感染和继发感染的比例。我们进行了meta回归,以确定与细菌感染相关的研究人群因素,包括医疗保健环境、年龄、共病和COVID-19药物。

结果:在筛选的33345项研究中,171项被纳入最终分析。细菌感染数据来自171,262名患者。合并感染的患病率为5.1% (95% CI: 3.6% - 7.1%),继发感染的患病率为13.1% (95% CI: 9.8% - 17.2%)。在重症监护病房(ICU)患者比例较高的研究中,细菌感染的几率较高(调整OR 18.8, 95% CI: 6.5 - 54.8)。女性患者继发感染的几率较低(调整OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55 - 0.97),但合并感染的几率较低(调整OR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.80 - 1.37)。最常见的能分离出来的微生物包括金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和克雷伯氏菌。

表1 COVID-19患者细菌联合感染、继发感染和总体细菌感染的研究水平预测因子(流行率优势比,95% CI)

图1 PRISMA研究流程图

 

图2 COVID-19患者细菌感染的微生物学特征;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。

图3 基于医疗机构联合感染的联合感染和继发感染的森林图

图4 基于标本来源的联合感染森林和继发感染的流行情况分析

结论:虽然COVID-19患者呼吸道和血流细菌感染的几率较低,但Meta分析揭示了感染的潜在危险因素,包括ICU和机械通气。COVID-19患者继发感染的风险远远大于合并感染的风险。了解联合感染和继发感染的预测因素可能有助于支持改善COVID-19患者的抗生素管理。

原文出处:

Langford BJ,  So M,  Leung V,et al.Predictors and microbiology of respiratory and bloodstream bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19: living rapid review update and meta-regression.Clin Microbiol Infect 2021 Nov 26

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time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617941, encodeId=6ad2161e9410d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Dec 08 07:13:43 CST 2021, time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. 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time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617941, encodeId=6ad2161e9410d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Dec 08 07:13:43 CST 2021, time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-20 wjcjjian
  5. 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time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617941, encodeId=6ad2161e9410d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Dec 08 07:13:43 CST 2021, time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-15 sunylz
  6. 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time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617941, encodeId=6ad2161e9410d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Dec 08 07:13:43 CST 2021, time=2021-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-04 xjy02
  7. 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  8. 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  9. 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