CELL:如何通过饮食调节肠道微生物,从而提高免疫力?

2021-07-29 haibei MedSci原创

最近,研究人员确定了两种以微生物群为目标的饮食干预措施,即植物性纤维和发酵食品,是如何影响健康成年人的体内微生物群和免疫系统。

已有的研究显示,肠道微生物群组对人类健康十分重要,我们需要加强对影响该微生物群落组成和功能的因素的了解。而饮食已经成为微生物群组成和功能的驱动因素。人类的饮食和微生物群之间的深刻联系已被大量证明。

在前瞻性饮食干预研究中,饮食的短期变化也被证明会迅速改变人类的肠道微生物群。

肠道微生物群与人类生物学的联合研究表明,操纵肠道微生物可能是改变人类多方面健康的有力手段。以肠道微生物群为目标的饮食,可以加强、引入或消除特定的功能或分类群,被证明是实现精准医疗的有力途径。即使没有操纵,在预测个人对特定食物的餐后反应时,肠道微生物组包含的特征也是有参考价值的。

目前,一个关键问题是,是否有广泛的、非个性化的饮食建议可以利用现有的微生物群与宿主的相互作用,来改善不同人群的健康。例如,非传染性慢性疾病(NCCD)在很大程度上是由慢性炎症驱动的,而且随着工业化的发展,发病率正在迅速增加。巧合的是,肠道微生物群随着工业化的发展而发生变化也是有据可查的。

饮食可以调节肠道微生物群,这反过来又可以影响免疫系统。最近,研究人员确定了两种以微生物群为目标的饮食干预措施,即植物性纤维和发酵食品,是如何影响健康成年人的体内微生物群和免疫系统。

饮食调节免疫系统

研究人员通过一项为期17周的随机、前瞻性研究(n = 18/臂),结合微生物组和宿主的组学测量,包括广泛的免疫分析,发现了饮食的特定影响。其中,高纤维饮食增加了微生物组编码的糖降解碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes),同时,微生物群落多样性保持稳定。此外,虽然细胞因子反应得分(主要结果)没有变化,但高纤维消费者的三种不同的免疫学轨迹与基线微生物群多样性相对应。

另外,高发酵食品饮食稳定地增加了微生物群的多样性,减少了炎症标志物

这些数据强调了将饮食干预与深入和纵向的免疫以及微生物组分析相结合,这可以提供个性化和全人群的洞察力。此外,发酵食品在对抗工业化社会中普遍存在的微生物群多样性减少和炎症增加方面可能是有价值的

 

原始出处:

Hannah C. Wastyk et al. Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status. CELL (2021). 

 

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    2022-02-28 维他命
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