Nat Med:晚期肾癌免疫治疗应答不佳机制被揭密

2020-06-09 MedSci MedSci原创

肾透明细胞癌(Clear cell renal cell cancer, ccRCC,最常见的肾癌)是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一。目前用于治疗晚期肾癌的免疫检查点抑制剂药物如帕博利珠单抗(Keytru

肾透明细胞癌(Clear cell renal cell cancer, ccRCC,最常见的肾癌)是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一。目前用于治疗晚期肾癌的免疫检查点抑制剂药物如帕博利珠单抗(Keytruda)和纳武利尤单抗(Opdivo),可以通过阻断PD-1来增强抗肾癌细胞的免疫应答。

2018年,纳武利尤单抗联合伊匹单抗成为晚期肾透明细胞癌标准一线方案后,免疫治疗成为肾细胞癌治疗的热门研究方向。

2019年初,帕博利珠单抗联合阿昔替尼以及阿维鲁单抗联合阿昔替尼的临床Ⅲ期试验结果在新英格兰医学杂志陆续公开。这两个免疫检查点抑制剂联合靶向药物方案分别在各自的临床试验中,表现出优于一线标准方案舒尼替尼的显著疗效。2019年4月,帕博利珠单抗联合阿昔替尼获得FDA和欧盟批准,用于晚期肾细胞癌一线治疗。

晚期肾癌通常对标准化疗没有响应,PD-1检查点抑制剂为治疗晚期肾癌带来了强大的新武器。在黑色素瘤和肺癌等癌症中,检查点抑制剂对具有“高突变负荷”,即DNA突变量较多的肿瘤更为有效。相比之下,晚期肾透明细胞癌虽突变数量中等,但对检查点抑制剂的应答相对有限,研究学者们也不知其原因。此外,另一个令人费解的区别是,在黑色素瘤和其它一些癌症中,肿瘤被大量免疫CD8 T细胞浸润,在肿瘤内形成了炎性或“热”的环境,会对PD-1阻断的应答更好。但在晚期肾癌中,CD8 T细胞的高度浸润则与预后较差有关。

丹娜-法伯癌症研究所的研究人员在对3项临床试验中接受免疫疗法治疗的晚期肾癌患者的肿瘤进行分析后,确定了几种能够影响肾肿瘤对免疫检查点抑制剂药物应答的特征。这项研究在美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会的临床科学研讨会上发表,同时也发表在Nature Medicine上。

图片来源:Nature Medicine

科学家们认为这项研究提供了有关肾癌遗传学及遗传与免疫系统相互作用的重要线索,这对于预测哪些患者有希望受益于免疫治疗药物可能至关重要。

免疫治疗药物已被批准用于肾癌的一线和二线治疗,但并不适用于所有患者。在这项研究中,那些在其它类型的癌症中通常与免疫治疗应答或耐药相关的特征,在晚期肾透明细胞癌中的表现却并不如此。

研究人员分析了592个收集自曾参与PD-1阻断药物临床试验的晚期肾癌患者的肿瘤,使用全外显子组和RNA测序等方法,来揭示肿瘤的基因组变化以及与患者肿瘤如何响应药物相关的其它因素。

为了确定晚期肾癌细胞的哪些特征与对PD-1抑制剂的应答或耐受性相关,在分析这些患者的肿瘤时,研究人员在肾癌细胞基因组中寻找可能与患者预后(如无进展生存期和总生存期)相关的生物标志物,如基因变化、突变、拷贝数变化等。

论文第一作者David Braun博士表示,在研究中发现的最有趣的事情是,不同于其它类型的肿瘤,肾脏肿瘤的一些特征并不影响对PD-1抑制剂药物的响应。例如,通常来说,含有大量由癌症相关DNA突变产生的新抗原的肿瘤,可能会使肿瘤对免疫治疗的应答更加强烈,但对肾脏肿瘤并非如此。此外,即使肾脏肿瘤被CD8免疫T细胞深度浸润(在其它类型癌症中这会导致对肿瘤强烈的免疫攻击),实际上这些肾癌患者的预后并无差异。Braun说:“在肾癌中,免疫学上的'热'肿瘤并不会比'冷'肿瘤应答更好,这是一个令人惊讶的结果。”

HLA分子能向免疫系统呈递抗原,具有个体特定遗传性,是影响一些癌症类型应答的另一个因素,但也不会影响晚期肾脏肿瘤的免疫应答。论文通讯作者Catherine Wu博士说:“这也令我们非常惊讶。我们之前假设患者免疫系统对更多类抗原的呈递和应答潜力可能与更好的预后有关,但显然肾癌并不适合这种标准模型。”

 

体细胞变化负荷和HLA纯合性与PD-1阻断的临床预后无关(图片来源:Nature Medicine)

不过,确实有一些因素,可以解释这种意料之外的观察结果。晚期肾肿瘤被CD8 T细胞深度浸润,尽管是免疫学上的“热”肿瘤,但它们对免疫检查点抑制剂的应答也不强烈。通过对肾脏肿瘤基因组变化的全面分析后,研究人员发现,肾脏肿瘤中缺乏突变的PBRM1基因,这种突变与PD-1阻断疗法可改善生存相关,并且肾脏肿瘤中还具有大量的9p21.3染色体片段缺失,而该片段的缺失与PD-1阻断的不良预后相关。主要研究人员Sachet Shukla博士解释说:“我们认为这两个因素可以解释为什么CD8 T细胞浸润并没有引起肿瘤对检查点阻断剂疗法产生应答,而在其它表现出CD8 T细胞浸润但没有上述染色体变化的癌症类型中则存在免疫应答。”

 

抗PD-1治疗应答和耐药与基因组的相关性(图片来源:Nature Medicine)

 

主要研究人员、哈佛医学院病理学教授Sabina Signoretti博士认为这些发现表明,免疫T细胞浸润与肿瘤DNA改变(如PBRM1基因的失活和9p21.3缺失的丰度)之间的相互作用可能是肿瘤对PD-1阻断产生应答的重要影响因素,也许不仅在肾癌中,在其它类型的肿瘤中也是如此。

 

免疫浸润和基因组特征调节肿瘤对PD-1阻断应答的潜在相互作用(图片来源:Nature Medicine)

本文的共同通讯作者之一、哈佛医学院的Toni Choueiri教授总结道 “这项研究为肾透明细胞癌中导致免疫应答和耐受性的免疫基因组机制提供了重要见解。所产生的详细的临床、基因组、转录组学和免疫病理学数据也将为癌症免疫学界提供宝贵的资源。因此,这项工作对于正在进行的精准医学和免疫肿瘤学研究至关重要,有助于鉴定哪些患者可能对当前疗法产生应答,而且也为助力将来开发克服耐药性的合理联合疗法提供了基础信息。”

原始出处:

Braun, D.A., Hou, Y., Bakouny, Z. et al. Interplay of somatic alterations and immune infiltration modulates responseto PD-1 blockade in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nature Medicine (2020)

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1954630, encodeId=98f5195463087, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8f0825982d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾癌免疫治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82598, encryptionId=c8f0825982d, topicName=肾癌免疫治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 15:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884374, encodeId=c14018843e4cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jun 12 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367025, encodeId=ea24136e0250a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8232598e33b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59873, encryptionId=8232598e33b, topicName=晚期肾癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e251248, createdName=wujh_7312819, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610522, encodeId=5b051610522eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039258, encodeId=28d41039258da, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 01:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1954630, encodeId=98f5195463087, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8f0825982d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾癌免疫治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82598, encryptionId=c8f0825982d, topicName=肾癌免疫治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 15:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884374, encodeId=c14018843e4cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jun 12 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367025, encodeId=ea24136e0250a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8232598e33b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59873, encryptionId=8232598e33b, topicName=晚期肾癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e251248, createdName=wujh_7312819, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610522, encodeId=5b051610522eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039258, encodeId=28d41039258da, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 01:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-12 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1954630, encodeId=98f5195463087, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8f0825982d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾癌免疫治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82598, encryptionId=c8f0825982d, topicName=肾癌免疫治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 15:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884374, encodeId=c14018843e4cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jun 12 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367025, encodeId=ea24136e0250a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8232598e33b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59873, encryptionId=8232598e33b, topicName=晚期肾癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e251248, createdName=wujh_7312819, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610522, encodeId=5b051610522eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039258, encodeId=28d41039258da, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 01:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1954630, encodeId=98f5195463087, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8f0825982d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾癌免疫治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82598, encryptionId=c8f0825982d, topicName=肾癌免疫治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 15:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884374, encodeId=c14018843e4cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jun 12 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367025, encodeId=ea24136e0250a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8232598e33b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59873, encryptionId=8232598e33b, topicName=晚期肾癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e251248, createdName=wujh_7312819, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610522, encodeId=5b051610522eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039258, encodeId=28d41039258da, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 01:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1954630, encodeId=98f5195463087, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8f0825982d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾癌免疫治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82598, encryptionId=c8f0825982d, topicName=肾癌免疫治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Thu Sep 24 15:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884374, encodeId=c14018843e4cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jun 12 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1367025, encodeId=ea24136e0250a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8232598e33b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59873, encryptionId=8232598e33b, topicName=晚期肾癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e251248, createdName=wujh_7312819, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610522, encodeId=5b051610522eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 13:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039258, encodeId=28d41039258da, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 01:11:09 CST 2020, time=2020-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-10 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

相关资讯

盘点:肾细胞癌进展盘点

肾细胞癌(简称肾癌)是泌尿系统中恶性程度较高的肿瘤,也是最常见的肿瘤之一,又称肾腺癌,占肾恶性肿瘤的80%~90%。据调查,肾细胞癌在我国泌尿生殖系统肿瘤中占第二位,仅次于膀胱肿瘤,占成人恶性肿瘤的2

Nat Med:透明细胞肾细胞肿瘤中体细胞变异和免疫浸润互作调控对PD-1阻断的响应

PD-1阻断革新了对晚期透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)的治疗,但是PD-1响应的驱使因子和抵抗因子仍旧不完全清晰。

盘点:肾病研究进展小结

肾细胞癌(简称肾癌)是泌尿系统中恶性程度较高的肿瘤,也是最常见的肿瘤之一,又称肾腺癌,占肾恶性肿瘤的80%~90%。据调查,肾细胞癌在我国泌尿生殖系统肿瘤中占第二位,仅次于膀胱肿瘤,占成人恶性肿瘤的2

Sci Rep:肿瘤等级与肿瘤组织总功能障碍显著相关

评估CD8T细胞和CD4T细胞的表达的临床重要性是非常重要的,因为其在肿瘤靶向免疫响应中具有重要的网络。

Hypertension:高血压与肾癌风险的关系

与正常血压相比,高血压和高收缩压或舒张压与患肾癌的风险增加有关。

Brit J Cancer:犬尿氨酸途径多点异常时肾癌的一个普遍特征

吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)是犬尿氨酸途径(KP)中的第一步,其在一些癌症中上调。由于其在肿瘤免疫逃避中具有作用,因此是一个很有前景的治疗靶标。然而,IDO抑制剂在后期临床试验中的失败对该策略也产