高频超声诊断小儿睾丸卵黄囊瘤1例

2019-12-27 宋建 雷琳 张文君 中国医学影像技术

患儿男,1岁7个月,2个月前因阴囊右侧红肿在当地医院就诊,超声检查示“右侧睾丸增大,内部见等回声肿块,肿块内血流信号丰富。超声提示:右侧睾丸炎性病变可能”临床诊断“急性睾丸附睾炎”经抗感染治疗2周,效果不佳。于我院进_步诊治。

患儿男,1岁7个月,2个月前因阴囊右侧红肿在当地医院就诊,超声检查示“右侧睾丸增大,内部见等回声肿块,肿块内血流信号丰富。超声提示:右侧睾丸炎性病变可能”临床诊断“急性睾丸附睾炎”经抗感染治疗2周,效果不佳。于我院进_步诊治。
 
查体:阴茎发育正常,右侧阴囊红肿,无明显触痛,透光试验阴性。超声检查:右侧阴囊皮肤增厚,右侧睾丸大小2.1 cm×1.6 cm×1.3 cm,内回声不均勾,见13 cm×1.1 cm×1.0 cm等回声肿块,与周边分界清晰,肿块周边可见低回声晕(图1A),CDFI示肿块内血流信号丰富,周边呈抱球样血流信号(图1B),右侧附睾大小、形态及回声未见明显异常。左侧睾丸、附睾未见异常。超声提示:右侧睾丸实质性肿瘤,卵黄囊瘤可能。患儿血清AFP值为109ng/ml。于椎管内麻醉下行高位右侧精索右侧睾丸摘除术。术后大体病理示右侧睾丸内见实质性肿块,质软,切面灰白色,伴黏液样变;病理诊断::右侧)睾丸卵黄囊瘤。



图1 睾丸卵黄嚢瘤声像图A.睾丸内见一局限性肿块,表现为等回声,边界清晰,形态规则,呈卵圆形,可见低回声晕(箭);B.CDFI示肿块内丰富血流信号,呈“抱球样”分布
 
讨论
 
睾丸卵黄囊瘤又称睾丸内胚窦瘤,是向卵黄囊和尿膜囊分化的生殖细胞源性恶性肿瘤,多见于2岁以下男性幼儿。多为单侧睾丸受累,受累睾丸质硬、无痛性肿大,以局限性生长为主。患儿血清AFP升高是该病的一个重要生物学特征。超声检查是诊断睾丸肿瘤的主要影像学手段,其超声表现具有特征性:肿块形态多规则,呈卵圆形或类圆形;肿瘤内部可呈高回声、等回声或低回声,其中卵黄囊瘤多呈混合回声,典型者内见多个不规则的无回声区;肿块边界清楚,部分肿块周边可见低回声晕;CDFI示肿瘤内部血供丰富。
 
睾丸卵黄囊瘤患儿一般无发热等急性炎症的表现,但当肿瘤较大,合并出血、坏死或血管栓塞时,可出现阴囊皮肤潮红发亮、局部皮温升高和疼痛,此时易误诊为急性睾丸炎。睾丸卵黄囊瘤需与睾丸炎性病变、睾丸畸胎瘤、睾丸精原细胞瘤相鉴别。急性睾丸炎时睾丸弥漫性肿大,局限性病灶少见,常伴急性炎症的全身表现。畸胎瘤因其组织成分复杂,超声表现为钙化和囊性区常见,钙化可为细小颗粒状或块状,后方声影明显,结合血清AFP阴性可与卵黄囊瘤相鉴别。精原细胞瘤为睾丸内生性肿块时与卵黄囊瘤超声表现相似,但其好发年龄为30~50岁,血清偶有HCG升高,无AFP升高。睾丸卵黄囊瘤的预后主要与手术时患者的年龄有关,年龄越大患儿的存活率越低。
 
原始出处:

宋建,雷琳,张文君.高频超声诊断小儿睾丸卵黄囊瘤1例[J].中国医学影像技术,2018,34(01):159.

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    2019-12-29 zhangph
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