眼眶淀粉样变性影像诊断

2022-09-16 放射沙龙 头颈医学影像联盟

淀粉样变性(amyloidosis)是一类以淀粉样蛋白在组织中异常沉积为特征的疾病。眼眶淀粉样变性包括两种临床类型,分别是局灶性和系统性。

【简介】

淀粉样变性(amyloidosis)是一类以淀粉样蛋白在组织中异常沉积为特征的疾病。眼眶淀粉样变性包括两种临床类型,分别是局灶性和系统性。系统性淀粉样变性预后欠佳,局灶性预后相对稍好。眼眶局灶性淀粉样变性好发于眼睑、结膜、泪腺和眼外肌。病灶较少侵犯邻近的骨质结构。该肿瘤好发于青壮年,无明显性别差异,临床症状主要包括眶周肿块、上睑下垂、眼球突出或移位、眼球运动受限和反复发作的结膜下出血。眼眶淀粉样变性的首选治疗方式是手术治疗,但因为眼眶淀粉样变性容易包绕着血管和眼外肌生长,完整切除肿瘤比较困难,因此容易出现局部复发。术后放射治疗可减少复发。

【病理基础】

1. 巨检 眼眶淀粉样变性可表现为受累部位的弥漫性肿胀,也可表现为质韧、结节状肿物。肿物多呈粉红色。

2. 镜下表现 病灶呈弥漫退行性变,代之以粉染、均质、无定型物质。血管结构退变。间质散在慢性炎症细胞。刚果红染色阳性有助于确立淀粉样变性的诊断。

【影像学表现】

1. CT表现  病变多表现为眼睑、结膜、泪腺和眼外肌的弥漫性肿胀或软组织肿块。与眼外肌相比,病灶呈等密度。病灶内出现斑点状钙化时诊断眼眶淀粉样变性的特征性表现。由于CT对钙化的诊断敏感性高于MRI,CT和MRI上的钙化可不对应。病灶邻近骨质时,可出现骨质受压变薄或增生硬化。

2.MRI表现  病灶通常在T1WI呈均匀等信号,在T2WI呈不均匀低信号,在增强后T1WI 呈显著强化。病灶T2WI低信号是诊断眼眶淀粉样变性的特征性征象。

【典型病例展示】

病例

患者,女,54岁。右眼球突出半年(如图)。

右侧眼眶淀粉样变性

横断位CT软组织窗(图A)示右侧眼眶软组织肿块,形态不规则,边界清晰,肿块内见点状钙化;骨窗 (图B)示右侧眼眶外侧壁形态良好,未见破坏。冠状位CT软组织窗(图C)示肿块位于外上象限。横断位T2WI和T1WI(图D和图E)示肿块在T1呈等信号,T2呈不均匀低信号。橫断位增强T1WI(图 F)示肿块明显不均匀强化。

【诊断思路及诊断要点】

泪腺区占位在CT上可见钙化,T2WI呈不均匀低信号可提示本病。

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    2022-09-22 ms1000002059141251

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隐匿性气管淀粉样变性全身麻醉1例

气道管理是临床麻醉的焦点问题,但是因气管病变带来的气道狭窄往往具有隐匿性的特点,常在重度狭窄时才能出现明显的临床症状,在症状不典型时,往往难以预估,给麻醉诱导气管插管带来了难以预料的风险。本文介绍1例术前无明显呼吸道症状、未诊断气管狭窄全身麻醉诱导的处理和分析。

Rheumatology:强直性脊柱炎患者淀粉样变性的风险、预测因素和预后

强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种炎症性风湿性疾病,代表SPA疾病组的终末表型。目前的基于人群的队列研究表明,AS使淀粉样变性的风险增加6倍。

抗CD38抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)STI-6129治疗淀粉样变性:FDA已批准IND

Sorrento制药公司今日宣布,美国FDA已批准STI-6129治疗淀粉样变性的研究性新药申请(IND)。