刘谦:政府搞仿制药替代只是补了欠账,不是让你发财

2018-04-09 刘谦 药魔术

节前国务院又发了一个重磅医药政策,目的是鼓励仿制药替代进口品种。文件语气坚决果断,除了让医药行业又兴奋躁动,一批医药股也昂头涨了起来。股民和医药界的判断逻辑差不多:政府鼓励下仿制药会全面替代原研药,此消彼长因此利好本土仿制药企业,利空外企进口药。这次15条政策分为鼓励研发,提升品质和配套支持政策三部分,是过去的“三医联动改革”,“医药分开”和“仿制品一致性评价”等政策延续,并没有意外惊喜。本质上是

节前国务院又发了一个重磅医药政策,目的是鼓励仿制药替代进口品种。文件语气坚决果断,除了让医药行业又兴奋躁动,一批医药股也昂头涨了起来。

股民和医药界的判断逻辑差不多:政府鼓励下仿制药会全面替代原研药,此消彼长因此利好本土仿制药企业,利空外企进口药。

这次15条政策分为鼓励研发,提升品质和配套支持政策三部分,是过去的“三医联动改革”,“医药分开”和“仿制品一致性评价”等政策延续,并没有意外惊喜。本质上是为了政府医保控费,降低药费开支,不是要让医药行业发大财。所谓15%的企业所得税也是各地早就悄悄实行的优惠,对药企利润几乎没有影响。

那生产仿制药的企业算不算重大利好?我的观点是不算,至多是长期概念性利好。

仿制药真要达到原研的品质是要下一番苦功的,不仅是工艺重新设计,原辅料也得用更高档的,某些剂型例如肠溶胶囊,激光打孔控释,畅销缓释剂型和干粉吸入装置国内技术都不太过关,这些都要真金白银砸进去。

政策虽然鼓励仿制药替代原研,但不是价格也参照原研。虽然通过一致性评价的产品价格可能高于非一致性品种,但大概率会低于原研品种价格,具体能比原来高多少要看各省医保预算。不过我不太乐观,因为还有不甘心的原研药。

仿制药真要大卖,除了要面临原研药压价竞争,还要面临非一致性品种的骚扰。如果不能快速淘汰没过一致性的品种,优质仿制药很难卖起来。因为医院还有一品两规的规矩,医生和患者无法鉴别各种仿制药之间品质差异。

另外一个复杂局面是某品种如果只有2-3个仿制品通过一致性评价,很有可能原研不降价,而仿制药悄悄价格往上靠。在现有公立医院主导的医疗体制下,即使医保局想强制医院搞替代也不好使,因为越贵的药反而可能卖得越好,道理大家都明白。

就算优质仿制药在采购上跟原研品种同层次竞价得胜,临床使用关难度更大。需要医保报销不再按药价同比例报销(否则报销80%后原研药没比仿制药贵多少),而改为同一化学名按同一支付价格。还需要医生只开通用名,还需要患者对仿制药有信心。

政策高调宣传对促进仿制药使用是好事,但医疗,医保,医生和患者是多方博弈。从美国经验看,推动仿制药使用的关键在于保险公司控费的动力,同时又有PBM等专业机构助推。在中国这些条件都未成熟,所以我们不要高估它对具体某家药企的激励作用。

生产原研药的外企无疑会被政策冲击,当然大多数企业还有价格应对空间,未必会输得很惨。真正惨的是推广这些原研药的销售人员,因为降价后企业可能无法再养活庞大的销售队伍。不过长期来看会鼓励外企产品升级,真正苦的是那些对过专利产品依赖严重或者创新药不给力的公司。

总的来说,鼓励仿制药是既往政策的延续,短期内并不改变企业盈利,长期会缓慢重塑行业格局,加速行业分化:部分公司专注于创新药研发,未来攫取医药行业利润大头,少数公司专心从事仿制药生产,安心赚稳定收益。二者之间的公司就慢慢消失了,还带着它们的员工。

听上去有点残酷?这就是市场竞争应该有的样子,过日子的留下,混日子的滚。


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    2018-04-11 drwjr
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    2018-04-11 snf701211
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    2018-04-09 lovetcm

    找梅斯医学

    0

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    2018-04-09 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

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    2018-04-09 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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