Nat Cell Biol: 癌细胞“成瘾”背后的化学反应

2020-04-03 小通 生物通

研究表明,SLC7A11基因水平高的癌症可能对葡萄糖转运蛋白抑制剂的治疗有反应。

研究表明,SLC7A11基因水平高的癌症可能对葡萄糖转运蛋白抑制剂的治疗有反应

德州大学MD安德森癌症中心的研究人员最新研究发现某些癌细胞如何对葡萄糖“上瘾”,这一新发现可能为含有高水平称为溶质载体家族7成员11SLC7A11的氨基酸转运蛋白的癌症提出了新的治疗策略,这些癌症包括肺癌和肾细胞癌。

这一研究发现公布在Nature Cell Biology杂志上,由甘博义(音译,Boyi Gan)博士领导完成。

甘博士说:“代谢重编程通常使癌细胞高度依赖特定营养素来生存。”“通过药理学手段限制此类营养素的供应,或阻止其摄取或代谢可能会选择性地杀死'成瘾的'癌细胞,而不会影响正常细胞。对癌细胞中营养素依赖性的理解可以为针对癌症疗法中的代谢易感性提供深刻的见解。”

癌细胞“成瘾”背后的化学反应

甘博士举出了天冬酰胺酶治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的例子,与正常人细胞不同,急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的天冬酰胺酶缺乏产生氨基酸天冬酰胺的能力,必须依靠细胞外来源才能获得天冬酰胺来生存。这种治疗方法会中断天冬酰胺的供应,并确保癌细胞无法获得这种重要氨基酸,从而导致癌细胞死亡。

癌细胞依靠另一种称为胱氨酸的氨基酸来确保强大的抗氧化防御能力。大多数癌细胞通过SLC7A11转运蛋白获得胱氨酸。胱氨酸一旦进入细胞,就会被转化为一种相关的氨基酸,称为半胱氨酸,然后被用于构建谷胱甘肽,谷胱甘肽是人体中最常见的抗氧化剂,能使癌细胞得以存活。

甘博士说:“ SLC7A11在癌症中经常过表达,并且在维持谷胱甘肽水平,减少癌细胞死亡方面具有公认的作用。”

“但是,在这项研究中,我们发现积极将胱氨酸导入细胞对癌细胞而言是一项危险的业务。胱氨酸是可溶性最低的氨基酸之一,并且细胞内积累的胱氨酸过多是有毒的。因此,癌细胞被迫迅速转化胱氨酸。因此,具有高水平SLC7A11和高胱氨酸需求的癌细胞变得依赖葡萄糖来生存。”

这些发现揭示了与癌细胞中高SLC7A11表达相关的代谢易感性,这指向了相应的治疗策略。研究团队表明,称为葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT)抑制剂会切断葡萄糖的供应,导致细胞内胱氨酸的毒性积聚。这选择性地杀死了SLC7A11高癌细胞并抑制了SLC7A11高肿瘤生长。因此,这项研究建议使用GLUT抑制剂来治疗高表达这种关键氨基酸转运蛋白的肿瘤。

原始出处:Xiaoguang Liu, Kellen Olszewski, Yilei Zhang, et al. Cystine transporter regulation of pentose phosphate pathway dependency and disulfide stress exposes a targetable metabolic vulnerability in cancer. Nat Cell Biol. 30 March 2020

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    2021-01-05 sunylz
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    2020-08-11 docwu2019
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    2020-05-28 liye789132251
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    2020-04-04 yxch36

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