BMJ:全膝关节置换术后患者需要定期门诊康复治疗吗?

2020-10-13 liangying MedSci原创

然针对高危患者的康复干预是一种可行的实施方法,但康复内容对患者预后的影响似乎微乎其微。

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全膝关节置换术是治疗膝关节性骨关节炎的一种常见方法,每年在英国进行的膝关节置换术超过10万例,在美国超过70万例。预测未来手术量将进一步大幅增加。尽管全膝关节置换术对大多数患者来说在减轻疼痛和改善身体功能方面是有效的,但大约20%的患者对术后结果表示不满意。物理治疗通常被认为是膝关节置换术后获得最佳效果的重要因素,然而世界各地的康复内容不尽相同。

美国和澳大利亚等国家采用延长术后住院康复时间的方法,但这种方法与门诊物理治疗相比在改善预后方面的有效性一直受到质疑。英国患者住院康复时间很短,通常在关节置换术后3-5天出院,住院期间的物理治疗旨在鼓励患者活动和促进安全出院。出院后的康复治疗方法差异很大,对于膝关节置换术后的康复治疗没有明确的指导方针。

荟萃分析表明,与不进行任何治疗相比,全膝关节置换术后的所有患者进行统一的术后物理治疗可提供短期益处,但对改善患者术后1年的预后并不有效,最近对随机试验的进一步元分析表明,全膝关节置换术后由家庭或门诊干预组成的康复治疗对患者的预后没有区别(结论基于弱到中度证据)。然而,由于大多数患者报告了良好的结果,这可能是有些亚群患者可以受益于针对性的物理治疗干预。

10月13日,BMJ上发表的新研究针对全膝关节置换术后预后不良的患者,评估了进行性门诊物理治疗是否优于单一物理治疗和基于家庭运动的干预。结果发现对于全膝关节置换术后有不良预后风险的患者,门诊治疗师主导的康复治疗并不优于单一物理治疗和基于家庭运动的方案。在主要和次要指标上没有观察到临床相关差异。

在本研究中,334名膝关节骨性关节炎患者在术后6周被定义为全膝关节置换术后疗效不佳的风险(根据牛津膝关节评分)。163人被分配到由治疗师指导的门诊康复组,171人分配到基于家庭运动的方案组。随机队列的总体平均年龄为67.5岁(SD为9.46),其中女性为61.4%(205),总体平均体重指数为31.34岁(SD为5.67)。主要结果是52周时的牛津膝关节评分,组间4分的差异被认为具有临床意义。次要结果包括术后14、26和52周患者报告的疼痛和功能的结果测量。

患者基线特征

334名随机参与者中有8人失去了随访。6名参与者退出随访(2名(1.6%)治疗师领导的小组,4名(2.3%)家庭运动为主的小组)。另外两名参与者(每组1人(0.6%))由临床医生从研究中劝退。在意向治疗分析中,一年牛津膝关节评分组间的调整平均值差异是1.91(95%置信区间0.18到3.99),有利于治疗师领导的组(P=0.07)。每个方案分析的结果相似(2.02,0.15至4.18)点,P=0.07。两组干预组的牛津膝关节评分(在基线和52周之间)均有改善,超过4分的最低临床重要差异。对所有时间点数据进行分析后,组间差异为2.25点(95%置信区间0.61 ~ 3.90,P=0.01)。

组间总体满意度无差异(优势比为1.07,95%置信区间为0.71 ~ 1.62);然而,在治疗师领导的小组中,疼痛缓解满意度(1.66,1.10至2.52)、执行日常功能性任务的能力(1.66,1.09至2.51)和执行重型功能性任务的能力(1.57,1.02至2.42)均有所提高。

全膝关节置换术后一年的患者满意度,按治疗组划分

在最差的平均疼痛得分上,观察到治疗师领导的小组有小的、不显著的减少。这些减少量大大低于1.1点的临床重要差异。

全膝关节置换术后14、26和52周的结果

为什么有些患者在膝关节置换术后恢复较差还不清楚,但这些结果表明物理治疗并不是决定术后预后效果的根本原因,其他患者因素,如共病、局部肌肉缺损、对健康的态度或灾难性行为也可能限制患者术后康复的反应。

提示即使是那些在术后早期恢复较差的患者,通过康复干预也可以在一年的时间内达到合理的疗效,而所接受的物理治疗的方式和内容可能相对不重要,更全面的物理治疗师督促下的门诊康复也没有好处。

换句话说,康复锻炼是需要的,但在家还是在医院不重要,少花冤枉钱。

参考文献:1. David F Hamilton,et al. Targeting rehabilitation to improve outcomes after total knee arthroplasty in patients at risk of poor outcomes: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2020;371:m3576

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1849114, encodeId=00c51849114be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Mon Jul 12 23:24:09 CST 2021, time=2021-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1754226, encodeId=7f241e54226f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d3330135ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#关节置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30135, encryptionId=7d3330135ac, topicName=关节置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=050736663344, createdName=apoenzyme, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 21:24:09 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1742728, encodeId=e48a1e4272828, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=39cae96626f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置换#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79662, encryptionId=39cae96626f, topicName=置换)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3a7c35056336, createdName=yxch48, createdTime=Sat Sep 04 16:24:09 CST 2021, time=2021-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1305977, encodeId=202113059e77e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a96296444d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全膝关节置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29644, encryptionId=6a96296444d, topicName=全膝关节置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e2c339, createdName=by2009, createdTime=Thu Oct 15 11:24:09 CST 2020, time=2020-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1390119, encodeId=f9c0139011907, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c4d0858e23b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝关节置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85872, encryptionId=c4d0858e23b, topicName=膝关节置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a0802500050, createdName=肉我只吃一口, createdTime=Thu Oct 15 11:24:09 CST 2020, time=2020-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1548411, encodeId=85dc1548411e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=39bf2964295' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全膝关节置换#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29642, encryptionId=39bf2964295, topicName=全膝关节置换)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2e4014073525, createdName=12498f6em11暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Oct 15 11:24:09 CST 2020, time=2020-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576791, encodeId=603a15e6791bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=48fee966468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#置换术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79664, encryptionId=48fee966468, topicName=置换术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=054816326830, createdName=ms117281293605716, createdTime=Thu Oct 15 11:24:09 CST 2020, time=2020-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=892055, encodeId=1ebf89205596, content=奶奶就是膝关节置换术后,感觉术后恢复一般。当然考虑可能跟糖尿病、高血压等基础疾病以及高龄因素有关。据我所知,可能这个手术目前的满意度还有待提高<a href='/topic/show?id=582a858e1c6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝关节置换#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85871, encryptionId=582a858e1c6, topicName=膝关节置换)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210607/9f00a0de660e4b36b77a9a5f7620d6bf/98c22b17ddf7446fa7b9a618fabcb9f7.jpg, createdBy=a8fb2299762, createdName=Psycho.Dr Du, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 16:28:47 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-04 yxch48
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    2020-10-14 Psycho.Dr Du

    奶奶就是膝关节置换术后,感觉术后恢复一般。当然考虑可能跟糖尿病、高血压等基础疾病以及高龄因素有关。据我所知,可能这个手术目前的满意度还有待提高#膝关节置换#

    0

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