Behavioural Brain Research: 狒狒大脑半球功能不对称研究——fNIRS功能性验证研究

2021-02-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

侧化通常被认为是人脑的一个关键特征,它将人脑与其他动物的大脑区分开来;然而,越来越多的研究,特别是对非人灵长类动物的研究。例如,一些灵长类动物的研究提出了手动偏侧化的行为证据,这些证据在神经结构水平上

侧化通常被认为是人脑的一个关键特征,它将人脑与其他动物的大脑区分开来;然而,越来越多的研究,特别是对非人灵长类动物的研究。例如,一些灵长类动物的研究提出了手动偏侧化的行为证据,这些证据在神经结构水平上与对侧半球相关。在神经功能水平上,利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)或正电子发射断层扫描(PET)扫描,大多数灵长类动物的研究都集中在感知偏侧化上,并且报道了不一致的结果。与语言的左偏相比,研究灵长类动物的情绪感知增强了情绪加工偏侧的右偏的观点。然而,目前研究的一个主要缺陷在于,灵长类动物的大脑不对称性比较复杂。在这里,本文使用功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)来测试狒狒大脑中的血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)反应是否在左右不对称听觉和感觉运动刺激后的两个半球有相应的差异。

测试了三只健康的雌性狒狒(Talma、Rubis和Chet,平均年龄=14.6岁,标准差±3.5岁)。受试者听力正常,未出现神经损伤。在人类神经科学中,受试者的利手对语言、运动和视觉功能的大脑偏侧化的影响是众所周知的。虽然狒狒在群体水平上通常用右手进行手势交流,在执行双手协调动作时,手的偏好方向(左手、右手或含糊不清)在个体水平上可能会有所不同,在这里报告了每只狒狒在手动交流手势时的手偏好。fNIRS设备(Portalite,Artinis Medical Systems B.V.,Elst,the herlands)来测量狒狒在感觉运动和听觉刺激期间的大脑激活。

感觉运动刺激包括20次连续伸展同一只手臂,根据同一套计划(L-R-R-L-L-R)对所有狒狒左右交替重复三次,总共导致120次手臂运动。狒狒两侧各有一名实验者在另一名实验者发出简短的发声指令后,在整个伸展过程(约5秒)中,一边用手指刺激手的内侧(轻轻有节奏的敲击),一边慢慢伸展各自的手臂。听觉刺激包括20秒长的狒狒和黑猩猩在社会环境中(狒狒被关在外面的围栏里;黑猩猩被关在野外)的一系列激动性发声。通过计算右半球(RH)和左半球(LH)值之间的差异,得出每个受试者和每个实验条件(即:刺激右臂和左臂进行感觉运动实验;刺激听觉块的右、左和立体听觉刺激)的不对称商(AQ)。

Fig. 1

在所有受试者中,左手臂和右臂刺激之间的AQ差异始终是对侧的,与右臂刺激相比,在每只狒狒中,左臂刺激的向右活动相对更多,与左臂刺激相比,右臂刺激的向左活动相对更多在右耳刺激的所有通道中,受试者Rubis和Chet的平均AQ值与零显著不同。对这两只狒狒来说,右耳刺激导致了左半球明显更多的激活。最有效的结果是感觉运动刺激。Talma右臂运动引起左半球不对称,左臂运动引起右半球不对称。Rubis由于右臂受到刺激而有很强的左半球激活,Chet则表现出左臂很强的右半球激活。然而,在Rubis和Chet中,运动皮层左右臂刺激之间半球不对称性测量值的差异方向仍然是对侧的

结果表明fNIRS是一种非侵入性获取灵长类动物脑信号的有效方法,特别是在研究运动相关神经方面。即使在狒狒被麻醉的情况下,fNIRS也能捕捉到这种功能差异。然而,也发现了个体间的巨大差异。

Coralie Debracque, Thibaud Gruber, Romain Lacoste, Didier Grandjean, Adrien Meguerditchian,
Validating the use of functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in monkeys: The case of brain activation lateralization in Papio anubis,Behavioural Brain Research,Volume 403,2021,113133,

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    2021-02-03 qjddjq
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    2021-02-03 yangshch