Nat Commun :时隔四年,这项治疗2型糖尿病的研究终于有了“续集”

2020-09-13 探索菌 生物探索

在糖尿病患者中,2型糖尿病患者的数量占据了90%以上,是全球范围内最常见且代价最高的疾病。作为一个目前还不能有效根治的疾病,患者只能通过每天服用一种或多种抗糖尿病药物来暂时改善高血糖。

糖尿病患者中,2型糖尿病患者的数量占据了90%以上,是全球范围内最常见且代价最高的疾病。作为一个目前还不能有效根治的疾病,患者只能通过每天服用一种或多种抗糖尿病药物来暂时改善高血糖。低血糖和体重增加是药物治疗中的常见副作用,而采用非手术方法无法持续缓解疾病。

早在2016年,来自美国华盛顿大学的研究人员在《Nature Medicine》上发表过这样一项研究:在2型糖尿病的啮齿动物模型中,通过脑室内单次注射成纤维细胞生长因子1(FGF1)可以持续缓解高血糖症(<200 mg /dl的血糖水平维持了17周)。这种抗糖尿病的作用并不是体重减轻后的继发性作用,也不增加低血糖的风险,而是增加了从血液中清除葡萄糖的能力。然而,这种作用的机制尚不明确。

说到纤维细胞生长因子,大家应该不陌生。现代外科手术和美容手术中都少不了它的身影,你割完双眼皮后的创面修复也许就有它的功劳。如果注射一次FGF1,就能让机体自己去清除葡萄糖,并能持续发挥作用,那么势必会减轻患者药不能停的痛苦,又避免了服药后的副作用。

时隔4年,这项研究成果终于有了新的进展,并再次登上《Nature》子刊——《Nature Communications》。

在先前的研究中,研究小组发现,下丘脑内侧基底部(MBH)是负责脑室内的FGF1持续缓解高血糖作用的大脑区域。因此,在深入研究了MBH对FGF1的细胞应答后,他们发现,下丘脑神经胶质细胞是FGF1作用的主要靶点,持续的糖尿病缓解依赖于完整的黑皮质素信号传导。

具体而言,研究人员将基于发现的转录组学方法与组织化学、电子显微镜以及体内药理和生理学研究相结合,探究了糖尿病动物的大脑为何具有持续改善高血糖的能力。实验结果令人惊讶,在脑室内注射 FGF1后的几天里,单核细胞和星形胶质细胞都发现了转录和形态变化。

伸长细胞模块表达映射到第三脑室的空间分布

星形胶质细胞对脑室内注射FGF1反应的变化

在超微结构水平上,在包括 Agrp 神经元在内的 ARC 神经元的树突棘中检测到突触钮扣的星形胶质细胞覆盖增加。在脑室内注射 FGF1后,Agrp 神经元的转录组也发生了强烈变化,包括对 Agrp 和 Npy 基因表达的持续抑制。

这几种神经元的关系大家或许比较陌生,这里解释一下。大脑中包含有多种特异性的神经元,它们行使不同的功能以调节人体的行为和代谢平衡。下丘脑的弓状核(ARC)包含两大类调节代谢的神经元:一类是抑制食欲的神经元,如阿黑皮素原(POMC)神经元;一类是促进食欲的神经元,包括神经肽Y(Npy)和刺鼠肽基因相关蛋白(Agrp)神经元。而FGF1对大脑中促进食欲的神经元的抑制将会使患者减少食物摄入。

脑室内注射FGF1对Agrp神经元的作用

多项研究表明,黑皮质素信号传导的减少与啮齿动物和人类糖尿病发病机理有关,而 Agrp神经元是黑皮质素信号传导的内源性抑制剂。因此,研究人员探究了FGF1的持续抗糖尿病作用是否取决于完整的黑皮质素信号传导。结果发现,尽管最初的厌食和血糖降低不需要完整的黑皮质素信号传导,但其对于脑室内注射FGF1所诱导的持续抗糖尿病作用是必需的。

FGF1诱导的持续糖尿病缓解是黑皮质素依赖性的

这些观察结果提示,FGF1对神经胶质细胞的作用可能会改变Agrp神经元的功能,因此有必要开展其他工作来评估这种可能性。如果上述推断成立,那么中央FGF1的持续降糖作用可能调节了一种或多种下丘脑神经胶质细胞类型,进而以高度持久的方式改变糖调节神经回路功能。

总之,这是一项具有实质治疗意义的发现,了解不同细胞对FGF1的反应与相关的血糖正常化之间的关系可能会揭示出持续缓解糖尿病的新策略。

原始出处:

Marie A Bentsen, Dylan M Rausch, Zaman Mirzadeh,et al.Transcriptomic analysis links diverse hypothalamic cell types to fibroblast growth factor 1-induced sustained diabetes remission.Nat Commun. 2020 Sep 7;11(1):4458. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17720-5.

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    2020-12-10 liye789132251
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    2020-09-13 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2020-09-13 wxl882001

    了解

    0

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    2020-09-13 1238d654m87暂无昵称

    学习

    0

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    2020-09-13 lovetcm

    通过脑室内单次注射#成纤维细胞生长因子1#(FGF1)可以持续缓解#高血糖症#(<200 mg /dl的血糖水平维持了17周),这项研究未来能否制在药物,不可知。但是,却给人一种新的治疗#糖尿病#的思路,通过神经反馈,或通过调控中枢神经,达到持续降糖,甚至治愈糖尿病成为可能

    0

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