Trends Endocrinol Metab:重新思考胰岛素与癌症的关系

2020-08-19 A pioneer 免疫细胞研究bioworld

胰岛素除了是一种主要的代谢激素外,还是一种对所有细胞都有有丝分裂作用的生长因子,在胰岛素受体过表达的恶性细胞中表现得更为明显。临床研究尚未明确高胰岛素血症对癌症发生和预后的影响程度。

胰岛素除了是一种主要的代谢激素外,还是一种对所有细胞都有有丝分裂作用的生长因子,在胰岛素受体过表达的恶性细胞中表现得更为明显。以高胰岛素血症为特征的代谢性疾病(肥胖、2型糖尿病代谢综合征)患者中,几种癌症的发病率增加,癌症相关死亡率也增加。随着全球代谢性疾病发病率的上升,胰岛素及其类似物在糖尿病治疗中的广泛应用,胰岛素与癌症的关系已成为一个临床相关问题。临床研究尚未明确高胰岛素血症对癌症发生和预后的影响程度。为了更好地理解这一问题,需要改进的科学方法,更仔细地考虑高胰岛素血症和癌变的相关机制。

胰岛素是一种促进癌症发展的生长因子

胰岛素除了具有显着的代谢作用外,还具有众所周知的促有丝分裂作用,促进正常细胞和恶性细胞的增殖。胰岛素的生物学效应取决于它与复杂胰岛素/IGF-1家族的细胞表面受体的相互作用。在生理浓度下,胰岛素主要与自身的受体相互作用,一旦受体磷酸化,激活多个细胞内信号通路,刺激代谢和有丝分裂效应。这些通路与同源IGF-1受体(IGF-1R)相似并部分共享。然而,胰岛素受体(IR)在介导癌症进展中有着特殊的作用,这在转基因小鼠模型中通过抑制IR或IGF-1R的研究中得到了证实。IRs包括两种亚型:IRs - a,表现出更强的有丝分裂作用,主要在胎儿和癌细胞中表达;IRs - b,主要表现出代谢作用,主要在胰岛素靶组织(肝脏、肌肉和脂肪)中表达。IR-A也是IGF-2的高亲和力受体。因此,不同的细胞对胰岛素的反应可能不同,这取决于细胞表面表达受体的数量和质量。当胰岛素水平超过正常值时,同源IGF-1R会发生溢出,因为配体浓度的增加克服了其对该受体的较低亲和力。当然,由于IR下游的胰岛素信号通路的结构性激活,血清胰岛素水平不会影响癌症的进展。

高胰岛素血症是指系统循环中具有生物活性的胰岛素浓度增加,能够结合并激活其组织受体的一种情况。然而,从生物学角度来看,我们应该区分两种不同形式的高胰岛素血症:内源性高胰岛素血症和外源性高胰岛素血症。

内源性高胰岛素血症

内源性高胰岛素血症是胰岛素抵抗的标志,是双重机制的结果:肝脏胰岛素清除率降低和代偿性胰岛素高分泌。内源性高胰岛素血症是典型的遗传性和/或获得性疾病,如肥胖、糖尿病前期、2型糖尿病和代谢综合征。在这些患者中,肝胰岛素清除率的降低被认为是早期全身性高胰岛素血症的原因,而在后期则是胰岛素分泌过多造成的。这种代偿性高胰岛素血症可能会克服代谢性损伤,但同时会增加对有丝分裂的刺激。这是一种持续时间较长的情况,循环中的胰岛素水平较高与过量的胰岛素原有关,胰岛素原是一种由胰岛细胞与胰岛素结合的前激素,与低亲和力的IR(主要是a亚型)结合。此外,内源性高胰岛素血症的特点是肝脏和所有外周组织之间的浓度梯度,其中胰岛素直接通过门脉系统到达肝脏,高达50%的胰岛素被结合和降解,而其他外周组织在肝脏先通过后到达。

外源性高胰岛素血症

外源性高胰岛素血症发生在皮下注射合成胰岛素或类似物后。在这些患者中,包括肝脏在内的所有组织都暴露在相同浓度的胰岛素中,这些胰岛素浓度从皮下注射部位进入血液循环,在体内均匀分布。因此,在没有由生理肝脏首先通过产生的梯度的情况下,所有的外周组织持续暴露于较高的胰岛素水平。此外,外源性胰岛素浓度需要达到能够降低肝脏葡萄糖输出的水平。因此,必须将胰岛素剂量滴定到克服肝组织对胰岛素抵抗所需的胰岛素水平。

总结

以高胰岛素血症为特征的代谢性疾病与癌症和癌症相关死亡的风险增加有关。事实上,5.6%的癌症是由肥胖和2型糖尿病等高胰岛素血症引起的。由于这些代谢性疾病在世界范围内的流行,这一问题已成为主要的公共卫生问题。

原始出处:

R Vigneri, L Sciacca, P Vigneri.Rethinking the Relationship between Insulin and Cancer.Review Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Aug;31(8):551-560. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.05.004. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

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    2021-07-23 baoya
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    2021-01-25 freve
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    2020-09-20 一闲
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    2021-06-03 guojianrong
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750170, encodeId=677b1e50170d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Fri Jul 23 15:45:13 CST 2021, time=2021-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785295, encodeId=be581e8529561, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51906e79a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ENDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6779, encryptionId=51906e79a6, topicName=ENDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=82ba2500166, createdName=ms1467340776200723, createdTime=Fri Nov 27 20:45:13 CST 2020, time=2020-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1905723, encodeId=f15b1905e23f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ebd1e7981a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#trend#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17798, encryptionId=2ebd1e7981a, topicName=trend)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ced3193, createdName=freve, createdTime=Mon Jan 25 00:45:13 CST 2021, time=2021-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896729, encodeId=59cb1896e29c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 02:45:13 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888201, encodeId=c0c4188820180, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Jun 03 07:45:13 CST 2021, time=2021-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810714, encodeId=7165810e140d, content=好好不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5d895411889, createdName=ms8000000767694762, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 14:47:03 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810643, encodeId=d07c810643b2, content=高胰岛素血症的肿瘤风险应该比较高,这类患者应该用增敏剂和SGLT2i药物<a href='/topic/show?id=3cfe102611ed' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高胰岛素血症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102611, encryptionId=3cfe102611ed, topicName=高胰岛素血症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 12:23:51 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-19 ms8000000767694762

    好好不错

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750170, encodeId=677b1e50170d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Fri Jul 23 15:45:13 CST 2021, time=2021-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785295, encodeId=be581e8529561, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51906e79a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ENDS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6779, encryptionId=51906e79a6, topicName=ENDS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=82ba2500166, createdName=ms1467340776200723, createdTime=Fri Nov 27 20:45:13 CST 2020, time=2020-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1905723, encodeId=f15b1905e23f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ebd1e7981a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#trend#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17798, encryptionId=2ebd1e7981a, topicName=trend)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ced3193, createdName=freve, createdTime=Mon Jan 25 00:45:13 CST 2021, time=2021-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896729, encodeId=59cb1896e29c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 02:45:13 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888201, encodeId=c0c4188820180, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Jun 03 07:45:13 CST 2021, time=2021-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810714, encodeId=7165810e140d, content=好好不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5d895411889, createdName=ms8000000767694762, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 14:47:03 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810643, encodeId=d07c810643b2, content=高胰岛素血症的肿瘤风险应该比较高,这类患者应该用增敏剂和SGLT2i药物<a href='/topic/show?id=3cfe102611ed' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高胰岛素血症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102611, encryptionId=3cfe102611ed, topicName=高胰岛素血症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 12:23:51 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-19 lovetcm

    高胰岛素血症的肿瘤风险应该比较高,这类患者应该用增敏剂和SGLT2i药物#高胰岛素血症#

    0

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