JCI:肺炎链球菌定植与SARS-CoV-2适应性免疫应答受损相关

2022-02-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

尽管2019年冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)大流行在全球范围内产生了广泛影响,但很少有报告评估上呼吸道细菌定植与重度急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)之间的潜在相互作用。因此,呼吸道

尽管2019年冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)大流行在全球范围内产生了广泛影响,但很少有报告评估上呼吸道细菌定植与重度急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)之间的潜在相互作用。因此,呼吸道细菌病原体对SARS-CoV-2感染和发病机制的作用仍知之甚少。

传统上,上气道的病毒-肺炎球菌相互作用被认为会增加继发性肺炎球菌肺炎的风险,特别是在流感和RSV季节性暴发期间。然而,基于住院期间采集的血液或痰样本培养,记录肺炎球菌性肺炎的COVID-19患者比例相当低。上呼吸道细菌和病毒相互作用可通过直接和间接机制协同作用促进病毒逃逸。

为了研究肺炎球菌和SARS-CoV-2的相互作用以及肺炎球菌对宿主抗病毒免疫应答的影响,我们纵向抽样了SARS-CoV-2感染高危的医务工作者(HCW)和疑似COVID-19疾病患者。

方法:

在此,我们在两个不同的队列中研究了这两种呼吸道病原体的关系:a)通过系统筛查确定的无症状或轻度症状SARS-CoV-2感染的医务工作者和b)到医院就诊的中度至重度疾病患者。我们评估了共感染对宿主抗体、细胞和炎症对病毒反应的影响。

结果:

在两个队列中,肺炎球菌定植与抗病毒免疫应答减弱相关,主要影响轻度或无症状感染个体的粘膜IgA水平和感染患者的细胞记忆应答。

Figure 2:肺炎球菌定植个体对SARS-CoV-2的粘膜抗体应答受损

Figure 3: 肺炎链球菌定植与SARS-CoV-2记忆B细胞水平降低有关

Figure 4:肺炎链球菌定植患者缺乏SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞应答。

Figure 5:医护人员和COVID-19感染患者之间不同的鼻部炎症特征。

在鼻子中,HCW组显示功能促进T和B细胞成熟和分化的细胞因子缺乏上调。在血液中,与Spn定植的患者(9/30细胞因子上调)相比,非定植患者表现出炎症特征增加(16/30细胞因子上调)。

结论:

我们的研究结果表明,肺炎链球菌损害宿主对SARS-CoV-2的免疫力,并提出了一个问题,即肺炎球菌携带是否也能够使其他呼吸道病毒免疫逃逸,并促进再感染的发生。

尽管采用了观察性设计,但我们的研究已确定肺炎球菌定植是可调节宿主对SARS-CoV-2感染免疫应答的变量。抗SARS-CoV-2自然感染的获得性免疫受损可能增加对随后SARS-CoV-2感染的易感性。

 

原文链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35139037/

Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization associates with impaired adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2

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    2022-11-09 hukaixun
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    2022-02-16 zhaojie88
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