Translational Psychiatry: 降压药与精神障碍有关

2021-05-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

选择AHT类别应考虑患者的精神病史,如果患者在接受AHT时出现精神障碍,应进行审查。AHT类别与精神障碍的发生率存在差异。ARBs最有利,β受体阻滞剂最少。ARBs明显的有益作用值得进一步研究。

抗高血压药(AHTs)广泛用于治疗高血压和其他血管疾病。人们对这些药物可能影响抑郁症和其他精神疾病的风险或复发的可能性很感兴趣,而且几种主要的AHT的影响可能不同:钙通道阻滞剂(CCBs)、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEIs)、血管紧张素II抑制剂/血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARBs)和β受体阻滞剂。鉴于羟乙基酰胺类药物的广泛使用,羟乙基酰胺类药物对心理健康的影响可能对公共卫生产生相当大的影响。

主要的抗高血压(AHT)药物类别与不同的精神障碍风险相关。然而,现有的数据很大程度上局限于抑郁症,混淆变量并不总是得到控制。

Lucy Colbourne等试图获得关于AHT课程和精神疾病之间的关系的更有力的证据,使用电子健康记录网络,该网络很大,可以很好地控制混淆。与之前的研究相比,该研究对成人精神障碍的所有主要类别进行了研究,并分别研究了药物如何影响初次诊断的发生率,以及那些接受AHT治疗之前就有精神疾病诊断的患者的疾病复发情况。该研究结果发表在Translational Psychiatry杂志。

Lucy Colbourne等试图通过使用电子健康记录网络TriNetX Analytics来填补证据的空白。在5860万18-90岁的患者中,使用钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)的患者与使用利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)或β受体阻滞剂的患者进行了比较。队列的倾向得分与年龄、性别、种族和血压相符。在2年的暴露期内,测量了精神病、情感障碍、焦虑症以及药物使用障碍和睡眠障碍的首次诊断(ICD-10代码)或复发的发生率和风险比。

队列大小为33,734-322,814。CCB的精神病性、情感性和焦虑症的首发和复发发病率比β-受体阻滞剂低(风险比0.69-0.99),比ARBs高(风险比1.04-2.23)。CCBs与ACEIs或利尿剂的比较显示,不同疾病、首发和复发之间的风险比更小。

既往无精神病史(F20-F48)患者的基线队列人口统计数据

每个队列的倾向得分与年龄、性别、种族和血压(最近记录的值)相匹配。aW:白人,B:黑人或非裔美国人,0:其他或未知。除bSD = 0.19收缩期,0.16舒张期外,其他变量均匹配。

AHT类别也与药物使用和其他潜在混杂因素后,结果基本没有变化。在进一步分析中,ARBs和ACEIs之间的比较显示,ARBs的精神病、情感和药物使用障碍的发生率较低,但焦虑和睡眠障碍的风险较高。

基于钙离子参与其病理生理的假定,人们对CCB的重新用途用于治疗精神疾病(特别是双相情感障碍)一直很感兴趣。最近,在一系列精神疾病中,电压门控钙通道亚基的基因组关联支持了这一研究。目前的结果并没有为现有CCB的精神再造提供支持。然而,需要说明的是,CCB队列中超过90%的患者正在服用氨氯地平、维拉帕米或地尔硫卓,这些药物都具有低脑渗透性和/或通道亚型选择性受限。

该研究的数据支持并扩展了ARB可能对大脑健康有特殊好处的新证据。总之,AHT类别与不同的精神障碍风险相关。这些发现并不容易归因于已知的混杂因素。虽然在解释观察数据时总是需要谨慎,但结果表明,在其他条件相同的情况下,选择AHT类别应考虑患者的精神病史,如果患者在接受AHT时出现精神障碍,应进行审查。

总之,AHT类别与精神障碍的发生率存在差异。ARBs最有利,β受体阻滞剂最少。ARBs明显的有益作用值得进一步研究。

原文出处

Colbourne, L., Luciano睡眠障碍的发生率相关。在更广泛的队列匹配, S. & Harrison, P.J. Onset and recurrence of psychiatric disorders associated with anti-hypertensive drug classes. Transl Psychiatry 11, 319 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01444-1

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    2021-11-26 bsmagic9140
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