ASCO2021:精准医疗推动胃肠道癌症治疗的进展

2021-06-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

胃肠道(GI)癌症领域的分子图谱是最好的精确医学。患者的治疗结果因肿瘤特异性分子信号、肿瘤位置和患者信号的不同而有很大差异,这一点也越来越明显。本文关注于分子谱和新型靶向治疗胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者的前景。

胃肠道(GI)癌症领域的分子图谱是最好的精确医学。患者的治疗结果因肿瘤特异性分子信号、肿瘤位置和患者信号的不同而有很大差异,这一点也越来越明显。本文关注于分子谱和新型靶向治疗胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者的前景。

GI领域的所有人都很高兴看到ASCO将GI癌症的分子图谱确定为2021年的年度进步,因为它说明了该领域在精准医疗和针对患者的靶向治疗方面取得的巨大成就。

联合免疫治疗在肝癌中产生持久的反应

免疫检查点抑制剂已经铺平了道路,在GI领域和更远的免疫肿瘤学的指数收益。IMbrave150试验首次在2019年ESMO大会上提交,研究发现,PD-L1抑制剂阿特珠单抗和VEGF抑制剂贝伐单抗联合索拉非尼在一线环境下可以改善总生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS),这在不可切除的肝细胞癌(HCC)患者中是前所未有的。在2021年GI癌症研讨会上公布的关于共同主要终点的更新数据仍然支持双抗索拉非尼对中位OS(19.2个月vs 13.4个月;分层HR 0.66, 95% CI [0.52, 0.85];p = 0.0009)和中位无生存期(6.9个月vs 4.3个月;分层的HR 0.65, 95% CI (0.53, 0.81);p = 0.0001)。这一患者群体的生存期和无生存期的增加与生活质量(QOL)的改善相一致。一项生活质量分析发现,与索拉非尼相比,生活质量、角色功能、身体功能和关键症状都延迟,出现的频率更低。

联合治疗对OS和PFS的改善可以为这一患者群体带来一些希望。美国食品和药物管理局去年批准了阿特珠单抗与贝伐单抗联合使用。

在类似的情况下,CheckMate-040的长期随访数据为晚期HCC患者带来了希望。该研究对148名在索拉非尼疾病进展后接受纳武单抗和伊匹单抗治疗的患者进行了试验,比较了二线或二线治疗与两种检查点抑制剂的两种剂量计划,随后是维持治疗,再加上第三个连续治疗组。接受三种不同纳武单抗-伊匹单抗方案的患者的最小随访时间为44个月,3年OS为26%至42%。研究人员报道,每三周纳武单抗1mg /kg +伊匹单抗3mg /kg,共4个周期,随后纳武单抗维持每2周240mg的治疗方案有生存优势。

Rachna T. Shroff说,报告的3/4级治疗相关不良事件,包括肝酶升高和低钠血症,对患者来说是一项挑战,但最终,联合用药“拓宽了一种以往只有索拉非尼的疾病的治疗选择,标志着治疗HCC的巨大进步。”

GI领域的未来发展方向

这些和GI领域的其他最新进展突出了下一代测序、分子分析和生物标志物检测的潜力,以扩大患者的治疗选择。

例如,循环肿瘤DNA (ctDNA)检测可以比传统成像更早地检测到血液中的癌细胞,并为胃肠道癌症提供个性化的治疗建议。Shroff博士预计,胃肠道专家将在ctDNA的重要研究基础上进一步优化其在胃肠道恶性肿瘤中的应用。显然已经有了与特定平台相关的数据,这与我们如何使用ctDNA来确定对治疗的反应、耐药性机制、早期发现和早期复发有关。”

原文出处

  1. Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1894-1905.
  2. Finn RS, Qin S, Ikeda M, et al. IMbrave150: Updated overall survival (OS) data from a global, randomized, open-label phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) + bevacizumab (bev) versus sorafenib (sor) in patients (pts) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(suppl;abstr 267).
  3. El-Khoueiry A, Yau T, Kang YK, et al. Nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) combination therapy in patients (Pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC): Long-term results from CheckMate 040. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(suppl;abstr 269).

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    2022-04-26 quxin068
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    2021-06-09 81252974

    学习了

    0

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