Blood:Isatuximab±地塞米松治疗复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤

2020-10-31 星云 MedSci原创

Isatuximab是法国制药巨头赛诺菲(Sanofi)研发的一种靶向浆细胞CD38受体特定表位的IgG1嵌合单克隆抗体,能够触发多种独特的作用机制,包括促进程序性肿瘤细胞死亡(凋亡)和免疫调节活性。

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种克隆性浆细胞异常增殖的恶性疾病,在很多国家是血液系统第2位常见的恶性肿瘤,多发于老年,目前仍无法治愈。近年,随着新药不断问世及检测手段的提高,MM的诊断和治疗得以不断改进和完善,患者生存情况显著改善。然而,复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤(R/RMM)治疗仍是疾病管理面临的重大挑战之一,当前国内R/RMM患者的治疗手段非常有限,且疗效并不理想。

Isatuximab是法国制药巨头赛诺菲(Sanofi)研发的一种靶向浆细胞CD38受体特定表位的IgG1嵌合单克隆抗体,能够触发多种独特的作用机制,包括促进程序性肿瘤细胞死亡(凋亡)和免疫调节活性。于2020年3月2日获得FDA批准,联合泊马利度胺和地塞米松治疗已接受≥2种抗癌治疗(包括来那度胺和蛋白酶体抑制剂)的多发性骨髓瘤成年患者。

赛诺菲公司的伊沙妥昔单抗(Isatuximab)是近年来继雷达木单抗(Daratumumab)后又一新型的针对R/RMM的新型免疫治疗的CD38抗体。

这是一项2期研究,评估了Isatuximab作为单一疗法或联合地塞米松治疗复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤(RRMM)的疗效。受试患者对免疫调节药物(IMID)和蛋白酶体抑制剂(PI)治疗无反应,或既往已接受过≥3个联合免疫调节药物和蛋白酶体抑制剂的治疗。

患者接受Isatuximab单一治疗(第1周期第1、8、15和22天给药,20 mg/kg,随后每疗程的第1和第15天给药;ISA组)或联合地塞米松(40 mg/d[75年患者≥20 mg/d]每周1次;ISA-Dex组)。

共招募了164位患者,中位治疗4个疗程。ISA组和ISA-Dex组患者分别接受中位5个(1-24个)和7个(1-22个)周期的治疗;截止分析日期时,两组分别还有13/109(11.9%)和15/55(27.3%)位患者仍在接受治疗。

ISA组和ISA-Dex组的总缓解率(主要疗效终点)分别为23.9%和43.6%(优势比,0.405,P=0.008)。ISA组的中位无进展生存期和总生存期分别为4.9个月和18.9个月,而Isa-Dex组的分别为10.2个月和17.3个月。

输液反应(大多为1/2级)和血液学异常是最常见的不良事件。两组≥3级感染率相似(分别为22.0%和21.8%)。

总而言之,Isatuximab联合地塞米松治疗可提高复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者的缓解率和生存率,且无明显的不良反应。

目前已在国内上市的CD38单抗为Daratumumab,其II期研究结果显示,单药治疗的客观缓解率(ORR)为29.2%;联合来那度胺+地塞米松后,ORR又可进一步提高到40%左右。Isatuximab的II期研究显示,其单药有效率为26%。根据Isatuximab的III期 ICARIA-MM研究数据,与标准治疗方案(泊马度胺-地塞米松)相比,Isatuximab联合泊马度胺-地塞米松可显著延长无进展生存期(中位PFS:11.53个月 vs 6.47个月;HR=0.596,95%CI:0.44-0.81,p=0.001),同时显著提高了总缓解率(ORR:60.4% vs 35.3%,p<0.0001)。基于这些临床研究数据,对于R/RMM,应该优先选择CD38单抗治疗。

随着临床对于这类药物研究的不断深入,CD38单抗可能会逐渐从二线走到一线,特别是对于部分高危患者,尽早甚至一线开始使用CD38单抗和现有的新药联合治疗,可能会为患者带来更大的生存获益。

原始出处:

Dimopoulos Meletios A,Bringhen Sara,Anttila Pekka M et al. Isatuximab as monotherapy and combined with dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.[J] .Blood. DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008209

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    2021-08-09 snf701207
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    2021-09-11 jml2009
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    2020-11-02 freve
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    2020-10-31 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

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新疗法已经改变了多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者的前景,但是对于难治性或采用目前获批药物治疗后复发的患者需要开发新的药物。随着对达雷木单抗和新出现的抗BCMA方法的耐药性的出现,我们需要除了CD38和BCMA

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致癌转录因子c-Maf已被认为是多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的理想治疗靶点,但如何实现仍不清楚。在该研究中,研究人员发现Otub1/c-Maf轴或可作为潜在的靶点。