Nature:机体细胞副产物——甲醛,或为癌症治疗提供新靶点

2017-08-18 佚名 生物探索

众所周知,居家环境中的甲醛污染严重危害着我们的身体健康,频繁接触高浓度的甲醛与血癌、淋巴癌等癌症风险升高密切相关。但来自英国医学研究委员(MRC)的一项研究发现,这种有毒的化学物质,同时也是我们机体细胞内一种重要反应——“一碳循环”的副产物。这个循环利用维生素-叶酸创造细胞维持功能和增殖所需的DNA和氨基酸。这项发表在Nature杂志上的研究可能为癌症治疗提供新的靶点。



众所周知,居家环境中的甲醛污染严重危害着我们的身体健康,频繁接触高浓度的甲醛与血癌、淋巴癌等癌症风险升高密切相关。但来自英国医学研究委员(MRC)的一项研究发现,这种有毒的化学物质,同时也是我们机体细胞内一种重要反应——“一碳循环”的副产物。这个循环利用维生素-叶酸创造细胞维持功能和增殖所需的DNA和氨基酸。这项发表在Nature杂志上的研究可能为癌症治疗提供新的靶点。



MRC的Ketan Patel博士说:“我们已经知道我们的身体必须产生甲醛,但却不知道它从何而来。”我们发现部分甲醛来自于一个意想不到的重要通路——一碳循环,它被用来制造生命的基石,如DNA和某些氨基酸。一碳循环是一种存在于各种形式的生命中的基本过程,细菌中就有。”

叶酸促进甲醛释放

甲醛之所以具有毒性是因为它会破坏DNA。不过,我们的细胞有两条抵御甲醛危害的防线。首先,一种酶能将甲醛转化成不那么危险的化学物质——甲酸盐。其次,由甲醛引起的DNA损伤可以通过DNA修复酶修复。

氧化分解四氢叶酸(THF)及其他叶酸衍生物释放甲醛。图片来源:Nature

研究发现,在实验室培养的细胞中增加四氢叶酸(一碳循环的关键因子)以及其他易氧化的叶酸衍生物可以杀死那些无法给甲醛解毒或缺乏DNA交联修复的细胞。这或许能为开发癌症药物提供新的靶点,因为某些类型的癌症——尤其是BRCA1或BRCA2乳腺癌——缺乏DNA修复酶来保护自己免受甲醛毒性的影响。而健康的细胞不会被破坏,因为它们有正常的DNA修复机制。

Patel博士评论道:“一碳循环已经成为癌症药物的关键靶点,这项研究为癌症研究开辟了一个令人兴奋的新契机。”


哺乳动物内源性甲醛循环模式图。图片来源:Nature

甲醛的双重作用

研究人员惊奇地发现,有毒的甲醛在细胞中也存在积极的作用,因为它能促进一碳循环。细胞能将甲醛分解成甲酸盐,后者进入一碳循环从而促进核苷酸合成。这个一碳单位的供给足以维持不能使用丝氨酸(丝氨酸是一碳单位的主要来源)的细胞的生长。

Patel博士说:“令人惊讶的是,尽管人体产生了有重毒的甲醛,但它会将其转化为一种可以用来为一碳循环提供燃料的物质。因此,这种有毒物质被转化为对人体有益的物质,以制造某些氨基酸和DNA。叶酸和甲醛具有两面性:一方面它们为细胞提供了存活和生长的化学物质;另一方面甲醛也会破坏DNA。”

这一发现或许能表明癌细胞如何抵抗目前的化疗药物,如甲氨蝶呤,后者阻止叶酸进入一碳循环。研究人员认为,由于叶酸途径被阻断,癌细胞可能通过利用新发现的甲醛途径来构建癌细胞增殖所需的DNA和蛋白质。

MRC分子和细胞医学委员会主任Nathan Richardson博士说:“对细胞代谢的重要见解为癌症等疾病的治疗干预以及克服现有疗法的耐药性提供了新的机会。”

原始出处:

Guillermo Burgos-Barragan, Niek Wit, Johannes Meiser. Mammals divert endogenous genotoxic formaldehyde into one-carbon metabolism. Nature

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    2017-11-07 liye789132251
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    2017-08-21 lietome15

    认真学习,不断进步,把经验分享给同好。点赞了!

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    2017-08-20 lsndxfj
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