老年痴呆提前几十年就有征兆!这个指标异常可增加60%痴呆风险

2021-08-04 Jessica MedSci原创

保护你的记忆和思维首先从保持合适水平的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇开始!

痴呆症影响着全球约5千万人,预计到2050年这一数字将增加三倍以上,特别是在中低收入国家,根据报告,约三分之二的痴呆症患者生活在这些国家。女性也比男性更容易患上痴呆症。

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目前还没有治愈这种老年痴呆的方法,因此预防对于减少全球日益增长的痴呆症负担尤为重要。根据柳叶刀痴呆症预防、干预和护理委员会的报告,40%的痴呆症病例可归因于可改变的风险因素,包括较低的教育水平、高血压、肥胖、听力损失、吸烟、抑郁症、缺乏体力活动、社会隔离、糖尿病、饮酒、脑外伤和空气污染。

 
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值得注意的是,血脂异常并没有被列入可改变的风险因素名单中。那在预防痴呆症中,就不需要关心胆固醇问题了吗?

最近一项发表在《柳叶刀健康长寿》杂志上的一项研究显示,中年时高水平的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C) 与十年后患痴呆症风险增加有关。研究发现,在65岁以下测量胆固醇的人中,LDL-C水平高于190mg/dL(4.92mmol/L)的人与水平低于100mg/dL(2.59 mmol/L)的人相比,10多年后被诊断为痴呆症的风险高出约60%。 

LDL-C与痴呆症之间的关联的强度与饮酒因素相当,甚至大于高血压危险因素。该研究提供了迄今为止关于血液胆固醇与痴呆症和阿尔茨海默氏症之间关系的最有力证据。

 
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DOI:10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00150-1

低密度脂蛋白是一种运载胆固醇进入外周组织细胞的脂蛋白颗粒。由于胆固醇必须和脂蛋白结合才能运送到体内各部分,所以胆固醇在血液中常以脂蛋白的形式存在 ,主要分为低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。低密度脂蛋白把胆固醇从肝脏运送到全身组织,高密度脂蛋白将各组织的胆固醇送回肝脏代谢。   

当低密度脂蛋白过量时,它携带的胆固醇便积存在动脉壁上,久了容易引起动脉硬化。因此低密度脂蛋白被称为“坏的胆固醇”。   

那对于“坏的胆固醇”LDL-C来说,什么水平代表血脂异常呢?为了让大众很好的了解自己的血脂健康,美国 NCEP ATPⅢ报告将LDL-C分成5个水平用于血脂异常的防治,具体如下:

  • < 2.59 mmoL(100 mg/dL)为合适水平;
  • 2.59 ~ 3.34 mmoL(100 ~ 129 mg/dL)为近乎合适水平;
  • 3.38 ~ 4.12 mmo/L(130 ~ 159 mg/dL)为临界高水平;
  • 4.14 ~ 4.89 mmol/L(160 ~ 189 mg/dL)为高水平;
  • ≥ 4.92 mmol/L(190 mg/d)为极高水平

在该研究中,研究员对超过 180 万名 40 岁以上的英国成年人在 1992 年至 2009 年间进行了血液胆固醇测量,随访期长达 23年。研究员根据首次测量时的年龄(<65 岁或≥65 岁)和随访时间(<10 年或≥10 年)对分析进行分层。 由于队列规模较大,研究人员专注于疾病较少的中年(65 岁以下)的血液胆固醇测量,并进行 10 年以上的随访。研究员分析了血液总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯与后续痴呆和阿尔茨海默病风险。   

研究随访结束时,在被诊断为痴呆症的患者中,诊断时的平均年龄为 :男性为79.7岁,女性为82.1岁。血脂的平均水平为5.62mmol/L (总胆固醇),低密度脂蛋白的平均水平为3.42 mmol/L;的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的平均水平为1.45mmol/L。 研究结果发现,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和痴呆症之间存在适度的正相关,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇每增加一个SD(增加1.01 mmol/L或39 mg/dL),调整后的比率(RR)为1.05。这说明低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平越高,患痴呆症风险越大。   

那中年时的血脂和晚年时的血脂水平与患痴呆的风险有区别吗?

为了弄清这个问题,研究员进一步分析后发现,对于第一次测量胆固醇年龄小于65岁(中年),测量胆固醇10年之后被诊断为痴呆症的人来说,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇每增加1个SD的调整后RR为1.17;对于被诊断为阿尔茨海默病的人来说,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇每增加1个SD的调整后比率(RR)为1.30。   

而对于第一次测量胆固醇年龄是65岁或大于65岁的人来说,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与痴呆症的关联性比较弱,RR 为1.07。   

这说明与晚年血脂水平高相比,中年血脂水平越高,发生痴呆症的风险越大。

 
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 按测量时的年龄和随访时间,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇每增加一个SD值对痴呆症诊断的RRs

在前文提到,美国 NCEP ATPⅢ报告将LDL-C分成5个水平用于血脂异常的防治,所以研究员进一步分析了这5种水平的LDL-C与痴呆症之间的关系。 

研究结果发现,在年龄小于65岁,随访时间大于10年的人群来说,LDL水平高于190mg/dL的人与水平低于100mg/dL的人相比,10多年后被诊断为痴呆症的风险高出约60%(完全调整比率(RR)为1.59)。

 
图片

根据测量时的年龄和随访时间,不同类别的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇诊断痴呆症的RR

此外,研究员发现总胆固醇和痴呆症发病率之间的关联较弱,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯没有一致的关联。这表明,总胆固醇与痴呆症之间的关联性是由低密度脂蛋白胆固醇驱动的。  

综上,该研究表明,高水平的的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇会增加痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病的发生风险。痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病对个人和他们的亲人来说都是毁灭性的疾病,到目前为止,尚无治愈的方法,因此积极进行预防仍是关键。保护你的记忆和思维首先从保持合适水平的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇开始!

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    2021-09-03 ms4305551391379490

    坏胆固醇越高,痴呆发病率越高

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    2021-08-04 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1014332, encodeId=28ad1014332bf, content=坏胆固醇越高,痴呆发病率越高, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf011880311, createdName=ms4305551391379490, createdTime=Fri Sep 03 17:41:13 CST 2021, time=2021-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316789, encodeId=94311316e8980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3d0e121576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71215, encryptionId=d3d0e121576, topicName=痴呆风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Fri Aug 06 00:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048853, encodeId=579e1048853d3, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 12:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005095, encodeId=a8b710050955d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210319/11a5cd980a9d460da3309d2f9b731d89/6bc10897e4c7451ab7a1b02b57b06c50.jpg, createdBy=9c9c2261743, createdName=12186752m54暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 11:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005076, encodeId=8c5e10050e6bf, content=非常受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png;jsessionid=AFAD1B3A7A89744ACDEEC70E3799C64E, createdBy=638f4739883, createdName=陈立捷, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:49:13 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005071, encodeId=64bc10050e14c, content=当低密度脂蛋白过量时,它携带的胆固醇便积存在动脉壁上,久了容易引起动脉硬化。因此低密度脂蛋白被称为“坏的胆固醇”。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:35:39 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005070, encodeId=98a110050e03a, content=Good, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=78f72514592, createdName=海1991, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:34:46 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-04 12186752m54暂无昵称

    学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1014332, encodeId=28ad1014332bf, content=坏胆固醇越高,痴呆发病率越高, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf011880311, createdName=ms4305551391379490, createdTime=Fri Sep 03 17:41:13 CST 2021, time=2021-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316789, encodeId=94311316e8980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3d0e121576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71215, encryptionId=d3d0e121576, topicName=痴呆风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Fri Aug 06 00:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048853, encodeId=579e1048853d3, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 12:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005095, encodeId=a8b710050955d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210319/11a5cd980a9d460da3309d2f9b731d89/6bc10897e4c7451ab7a1b02b57b06c50.jpg, createdBy=9c9c2261743, createdName=12186752m54暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 11:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005076, encodeId=8c5e10050e6bf, content=非常受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png;jsessionid=AFAD1B3A7A89744ACDEEC70E3799C64E, createdBy=638f4739883, createdName=陈立捷, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:49:13 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005071, encodeId=64bc10050e14c, content=当低密度脂蛋白过量时,它携带的胆固醇便积存在动脉壁上,久了容易引起动脉硬化。因此低密度脂蛋白被称为“坏的胆固醇”。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:35:39 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005070, encodeId=98a110050e03a, content=Good, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=78f72514592, createdName=海1991, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:34:46 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-04 陈立捷

    非常受益

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1014332, encodeId=28ad1014332bf, content=坏胆固醇越高,痴呆发病率越高, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf011880311, createdName=ms4305551391379490, createdTime=Fri Sep 03 17:41:13 CST 2021, time=2021-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316789, encodeId=94311316e8980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3d0e121576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71215, encryptionId=d3d0e121576, topicName=痴呆风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Fri Aug 06 00:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048853, encodeId=579e1048853d3, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 12:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005095, encodeId=a8b710050955d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210319/11a5cd980a9d460da3309d2f9b731d89/6bc10897e4c7451ab7a1b02b57b06c50.jpg, createdBy=9c9c2261743, createdName=12186752m54暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 11:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005076, encodeId=8c5e10050e6bf, content=非常受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png;jsessionid=AFAD1B3A7A89744ACDEEC70E3799C64E, createdBy=638f4739883, createdName=陈立捷, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:49:13 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005071, encodeId=64bc10050e14c, content=当低密度脂蛋白过量时,它携带的胆固醇便积存在动脉壁上,久了容易引起动脉硬化。因此低密度脂蛋白被称为“坏的胆固醇”。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:35:39 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005070, encodeId=98a110050e03a, content=Good, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=78f72514592, createdName=海1991, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:34:46 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-04 随梦飞扬

    当低密度脂蛋白过量时,它携带的胆固醇便积存在动脉壁上,久了容易引起动脉硬化。因此低密度脂蛋白被称为“坏的胆固醇”。

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1014332, encodeId=28ad1014332bf, content=坏胆固醇越高,痴呆发病率越高, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf011880311, createdName=ms4305551391379490, createdTime=Fri Sep 03 17:41:13 CST 2021, time=2021-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316789, encodeId=94311316e8980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3d0e121576' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71215, encryptionId=d3d0e121576, topicName=痴呆风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a98f453, createdName=pcw106, createdTime=Fri Aug 06 00:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048853, encodeId=579e1048853d3, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 12:20:53 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005095, encodeId=a8b710050955d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210319/11a5cd980a9d460da3309d2f9b731d89/6bc10897e4c7451ab7a1b02b57b06c50.jpg, createdBy=9c9c2261743, createdName=12186752m54暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 11:51:44 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005076, encodeId=8c5e10050e6bf, content=非常受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png;jsessionid=AFAD1B3A7A89744ACDEEC70E3799C64E, createdBy=638f4739883, createdName=陈立捷, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:49:13 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005071, encodeId=64bc10050e14c, content=当低密度脂蛋白过量时,它携带的胆固醇便积存在动脉壁上,久了容易引起动脉硬化。因此低密度脂蛋白被称为“坏的胆固醇”。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/02/7354b3539aae6a0ccb1e0fff04c12084.jpg, createdBy=205b1984786, createdName=随梦飞扬, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:35:39 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005070, encodeId=98a110050e03a, content=Good, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=78f72514592, createdName=海1991, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 10:34:46 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-04 海1991

    Good

    0

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