空气污染是国人第四大杀手! BMJ刊登北大胡永华等883万患者研究:短期PM2.5升高,心血管病住院风险增加

2020-01-05 朱朱 文韬 中国循环杂志

根据近期发布的中国疾病负担研究报告,在导致我国居民疾病负担增加的危险因素中,空气颗粒物污染列第四位,仅次于高血压、吸烟和高钠饮食。近期,北大公卫学院胡永华教授领衔开展的一项包括全国184个大城市、约883.5万例心血管住院患者的时间序列研究表明,短期PM2.5升高就可显着增加心血管病住院风险。而且,PM2.5没有下限,即使达到国家环境质量标准时(<35 μg/m3)也有风险。研究推算,当PM

根据近期发布的中国疾病负担研究报告,在导致我国居民疾病负担增加的危险因素中,空气颗粒物污染列第四位,仅次于高血压、吸烟和高钠饮食。

近期,北大公卫学院胡永华教授领衔开展的一项包括全国184个大城市、约883.5万例心血管住院患者的时间序列研究表明,短期PM2.5升高就可显着增加心血管病住院风险。

而且,PM2.5没有下限,即使达到国家环境质量标准时(<35 μg/m3)也有风险。

研究推算,当PM2.5达到国家空气质量2级(35 μg/m3)、1级(15 μg/m3)、世卫组织推荐水平(10 μg/m3)时,我国每年心血管病住院病例分别可减少3.6万、8.5万、近10万,住院费用可分别减少4.2亿元、9.8亿元、11.2亿元。

研究发现,PM2.5每增加10 μg/m3,当日因心血管病、缺血性心脏病、心律不齐、心衰、缺血性中风的入院人数分别增加0.26%、0.31%、0.29%、0.27%和0.29%,但因出血性中风而住院的人数并无明显变化。

而且,即便PM2.5达到环境质量标准,心血管病入院风险依然增加。

与PM2.5<15 μg/m3时相比,PM2.5处于15~25、25~35 μg/m3时,心血管入院数分别增加1.1%和1.9%。

PM2.5为35~75、≥75 μg/m3时,心血管入院数增加更明显,分别增加2.6%和3.8%。

当PM2.5<50 μg/m3时,暴露反应曲线快速上升;当浓度在50~250 μg/m3时,曲线上升较缓慢;当超过250 μg/m3时,曲线出现平台期。

这说明,在低浓度时,PM2.5的健康危害效应可能更加显着。



PM2.5浓度与心血管病入院数之间的关系

研究者表示,该研究首次在全国范围系统性地研究了PM2.5和主要心血管疾病入院的关系,对于降低我国心血管疾病负担具有重要的公共卫生意义。

来源:

1、殷鹏,齐金蕾,刘韫宁,等. 2005~2017年中国疾病负担研究报告.中国循环杂志.2019.34:1145-1154.

2、Yaohua Tian, et al. Association between ambient fine particulate pollution and hospital admissions for cause specific cardiovascular disease: time series study in 184 major Chinese cities. BMJ, 2019, 367: l6572.

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    2020-11-13 gaoxiaoe
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