BMC Cancer:制定复查计划时要留心!乳腺癌患者应着重预防哪些心血管疾病?

2021-09-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

这项来自丹麦的全国性队列研究指出,在BC患者确诊6年内所有 CVD 发生率都显著增高,在10年随访期内心力衰竭、血栓炎/血栓形成和肺心脏病风险仍较普通人群高。

乳腺癌(BC)是全球范围内最常见的女性癌症类型。在丹麦,每年约有4700名妇女被诊断出患有BC,相当于妇女所有新发原发性癌症的25%。许多患者在被诊断出患有癌症时并合并患有其他疾病,据报道20%至35%的BC患者在确诊时已有一种或多个合并症。其中,与无癌人群相比,被诊断为早期BC的妇女更有可能有心力衰竭、缺血性心脏病、脑血管疾病、外周血管疾病、心房颤动和高血压病史,而BC患者在确诊10年内患心力衰竭、脑血管疾病和心律失常的发生率也要高得多。

本研究的目的是调查不同类型CVD在BC确诊女性与无癌人群的流行率差异,以及BC诊断后CVD的发病率。

本研究覆盖16505名BC患者和165042名无癌症对照组,见表1。在16505名BC患者中,12715人(77%)被诊断为BC早期(即无远处转移的I-III期)和997人(6%)被确诊为IV期(即远期转移)。对于其余2793名BC患者(17%),癌症诊断时分期尚不清楚。几乎所有BC患者都接受了手术(91%),55%放射治疗,39%内分泌治疗,33%化疗,4%在BC诊断后9个月内启动靶向治疗。与确诊为IV期的患者相比,在I-III阶段患者接受手术、放射治疗和内分泌治疗的比例更大。

BC患者中有15.6%在BC确诊前5年在医院登记了至少一个CVD诊断,而无癌对照组则为15.1%。最常见的CVD诊断类型是高血压(BC患者7.3%,对照组患者7.0%),其次是缺血性心脏病/急性冠状动脉综合征(BC患者4.5%,对照组4.7%)和脑血管疾病(BC患者3.7%,对照组3.6%)。BC 患者与对照组的 CVD 患病率没有显著差异,但心房颤动除外(p=0.0019),后者在 BC 患者中较高(3.2%, 而对照组为 2.6%)。

有44.7%的BC患者在确诊时有CVD药物处方史,无癌对照组为44.5%。利尿剂是BC患者和对照组(20%)最常见药物类型,其次是ACEI/ARB(14%)和β受体阻滞剂(11%),在这些CVD药物方面,BC患者与对照组之间没有显著差异。然而,与BC患者相比,更多的对照组接受了抗血栓药物治疗(11% vs 10%, p <0.01)和降脂药(7% vs 6%,p <0.001)。在指标日期后约6年,BC患者所有CVD诊断的累积发病率加起来高于无癌对照组,此后则差异不再显著(见图3)。10 年后,28% 的 BC 患者和对照组至少有一个 CVD 诊断。最常见的CVD诊断类型是高血压,累计发病率为15%,其次是缺血性心脏病/急性冠心病、脑血管疾病和心房颤动。

在头两年中,BC患者大多数类型的CVD的累积发病率明显高于对照组(图4)。然而在整个10年随访期间,只有BC患者的累计心力衰竭、血栓炎/血栓形成和肺心脏病(包括肺栓塞)的发病率仍然较高。10年后,2.7%的BC患者(对照组2.5%)出现心力衰竭,2.7%的BC患者(对照组1.5%)患血栓炎/血栓,1.5%的BC患者(对照组1.0%)患肺心病。

化疗后 BC 患者患 CVD 的风险显著增加(HR> 1),无论是登记CVD诊断(95% CI: 1.030-1.353)还是登记的CVD药物处方(95% CI:1.226-1.520)。此外,放疗后CVD风险显著较高(HR> 1),但仅表现在CVD药物处方定义CVD(95% CI:1.023×1.251)。在激素或靶向治疗后,对CVD风险变化未有明显影响。

在调查化疗后不同类型的 CVD 风险时,可发现接受化疗的 BC 患者患心力衰竭和血栓炎/血栓形成的风险明显高于未接受化疗的 BC 患者。此外,在10年的随访期内,患心力衰竭和血栓炎/血栓形成的风险差异有所增加。

综上所述,本研究发现有15.6%的BC患者在被诊断为BC时,在医院记录中至少已登记了一次CVD诊断。总体而言,BC 患者和对照组在 BC 诊断前的 CVD 合并症方面是相似的。在 BC 确诊 6 年内, BC 患者的所有 CVD 发生率都显著高于对照组。在整个10年随访期间,BC患者的心力衰竭、血栓炎/血栓形成和肺心脏病(包括肺栓塞)发病率仍高于对照组。这说明为了尽量减少和管理BC患者CVD风险,需要新的策略——今后应着重注意降低BC患者患心力衰竭、血栓炎/血栓和肺心脏病(包括肺栓塞)的风险。

 

原文来源:

Jakobsen et al. Cardiovascular disease in women with breast cancer – a nationwide cohort study.BMC Cancer (2021) 21:1040
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08716-5

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    学习

    0

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    2021-09-22 又降温了

    学习,

    0

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    2021-09-22 橘子熟了1

    好文章

    0

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