Nat Commun:酒精或用一种意想不到的方式改变机体肠道微生物组

2022-08-26 生物谷 生物谷

过度饮酒的负面影响之一就是其会对肠道微生物组产生不利影响,但其原因一直尚未明确。近日,科学家们通过研究证实:乙醇或许并不能被肠道微生物群直接代谢,而与乙醇相关的肠道微生物群的改变或许是乙酸盐水平升高的

长期饮酒是诱发肝脏损伤和死亡的主要原因,在美国每年大约有3万名个体会因酒精性肝脏疾病(比如肝硬化)而死亡,过度饮酒的负面影响之一就是其会对肠道微生物组产生不利影响,尽管这种情况到底是如何发生的,研究人员目前尚未阐明,因为机体所摄入的大部分酒精都是通过口腔和胃部吸收的,并不会到达肠道中。

近日,一篇发表在国际杂志Nature Communications上题为“Acetate reprograms gut microbiota during alcohol consumption”的研究报告中,来自加利福尼亚大学等机构的科学家们通过研究就对上述问题进行了解答,即肠道微生物群的重编程或许是由肝脏中所产生的乙酸盐扩散到肠道中所引起的,同时其会在肠道中成为支持细菌生长的碳源。

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研究者Karsten Zengler博士表示,你可以认为这有点像在花园里倾倒肥料,其所导致的结果就是引起不平衡的生物性增长的爆发,从而使一些菌群受益,而不会让其它菌群受益。乙酸盐是一种在细胞代谢中所使用的营养物质,其在机体的食欲调节、能量消耗和免疫反应中均扮演着关键角色,在适度水平下其能促进机体的总体健康,包括从改善机体心脏功能到增强红细胞的产生以及记忆功能等;如果水平过高的话就会引起与疾病相关的代谢改变,包括癌症等。

在这项最新研究中,研究者Zengler及其同事利用一种特殊分子来喂食小鼠,这种分子能在啮齿类动物的肠道中被分解为三种乙酸盐,研究者指出,动物肠道中的微生物群能被额外的乙酸盐所改变,而其方式类似于他们在给小鼠喂食酒精时所观察到的情况,但对动物的肝脏却并不会产生任何损伤效应。

研究者表示,长期饮酒往往与肠道中抗菌分子的表达水平下降有关,患酒精相关肝病的个体通常在其肠道中会出现细菌过度生长的状况,这些研究发现就表明,微生物的乙醇代谢或许并不会明显促进机体肠道微生物组的失衡,而且乙酸盐所改变的微生物组也并不会在肝脏损伤过程中扮演着重要角色。研究者认为,实际的情况或许要比以前假设的更为复杂,其不像更多的乙醇等于微生物组的改变那么简单,因此,微生物组的失衡往往等于很多肝脏疾病,尽管这一研究发现并不能转化为即将到来的肝脏疾病的新疗法,但其或许有助于划定乙酸盐对微生物群落的影响,并能帮助完善未来的研究设计

这些研究结果非常重要,因为其或许能使得研究超越微生物组的改变是否与乙醇的摄入有关之间的关系,并能帮助识别出对酒精摄入的有害影响存在因果关系的细菌,而并不是摄入或疾病所产生的副作用。综上,本文研究结果表明,乙醇或许并不能被肠道微生物群直接代谢,而与乙醇相关的肠道微生物群的改变或许是乙酸盐水平升高的副作用,对这些乙酸盐影响效应的去趋势化或许对于理解引起酒精相关肝脏疾病的肠道微生物群的改变至关重要。

文献出处:

Martino, C., Zaramela, L.S., Gao, B. et al. Acetate reprograms gut microbiota during alcohol consumption. Nat Commun 13, 4630 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31973-2

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    2023-01-21 liuli5079
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    2023-02-07 liye789132251
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