JNNP:苯丁酸钠/牛磺酸钠对肌萎缩侧索硬化患者气管切开/无通气生存和住院的影响

2022-06-29 网络 网络

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种进行性运动神经元疾病,通常导致呼吸衰竭死亡。无创通气(NIV)或在无法进行NIV时,气管造口术和有创通气可延长ALS患者的生存期,维持或改善生活质量。辅助通气和住院等干

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种进行性运动神经元疾病,通常导致呼吸衰竭死亡。无创通气(NIV)或在无法进行NIV时,气管造口术和有创通气可延长ALS患者的生存期,维持或改善生活质量。辅助通气和住院等干预措施是增加了美国每年ALS总成本,其他治疗方式有可能减轻与ALS相关的短期临床负担。研究设计了一种固定剂量的苯丁酸钠/牛磺酸钠(PB/TURSO)联合配方,通过同时减轻内质网和线粒体功能障碍来减少神经元死亡。

CENTAUR试验包括随机、双盲、安慰剂对照阶段(NCT03127514)和开放标签延伸(OLE)阶段(NCT03488524),对PB/TURSO的安全性和有效性进行了评估。在6个月的随机阶段(主要结果),与安慰剂相比,服用PB/TURSO与ALS功能评定量表-修订版(ALSFRS-R)总分下降速度显著减慢有关。在一项治疗分析中,与安慰剂相比,最初随机接受PB/TURSO的参与者的长期生存期显著延长。本文报告了PB/TURSO治疗的分析结果。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

患有明确ALS的成年人(修订的El Escorial标准)≤在症状出现18个月后,患者被随机分为2:1接受PB/TURSO(3 克PB/1 g TURSO)或安慰剂口服或喂食6个月。完成随机治疗的患者有资格进入OLE阶段,并接受PB/TURSO治疗长达30个月。在整个试验过程中,允许继续服用稳定剂量的利鲁唑和/或依达拉奉。研究人员、评估人员和参与者对最初的随机治疗任务不知情。以下关键事件的发生率被评估为CENTAUR的次要疗效结果:死亡(全因)、气管造口术(呼吸窘迫或气道清除)、PAV(定义为NIV>22 ),或因严重或严重不良事件(包括与ALS进展或并发症相关的事件)而住院治疗。

在177名受试者中,137人在双盲阶段被随机分组(PB/TURSO,n=89;安慰剂,n=48);在98名符合OLE阶段登记条件的参与者中,90名(92%)选择登记(56名和34名最初分别随机分为PB/TURSO和安慰剂组)。参与者的平均年龄为58岁,自ALS症状出现和诊断以来,平均持续时间分别为13.5个月和6.0个月。大多数参与者(77%)在试验开始时或之前接受利鲁唑和/或依达拉奉治疗,其中71%最初随机分配给PB/TURSO,88%最初随机分配给安慰剂;在最初随机分配给PB/TURSO和安慰剂的参与者中,分别有68%和77%的人接受利鲁唑治疗,25%和50%的人接受依达拉奉治疗。

Kaplan Meier分析关键事件的时间

PB/TURSO组的患者与安慰剂组相比,关键事件的风险降低47%(HR=0.53;95% CI 0.35至0.81;p=0.003);无事件持续时间的中位数(IQR)分别为14.8(6.5–29.1)和10.0(4.0–15.0)个月。与安慰剂相比,最初随机接受PB/TURSO治疗的患者的死亡或气管造口/PAV风险降低49%(HR=0.51;95% CI 0.32至0.84;p=0.007),中位数(IQR)气管造口术/无PAV生存期分别为25.8(14.8–33.6)个月和18.5个月。在最初随机分为PB/TURSO组的患者中,首次住院的风险降低了44%(HR=0.56;95% CI 0.34至0.95;p=0.03);最初随机分配给PB/TURSO的患者无住院时间中位数(IQR)为NR。

在这项对CENTAUR的长期分析中,与最初随机分配给安慰剂的患者相比,最初随机分配给PB/TURSO的患者发生关键事件(包括死亡、气管造口术、PAV和首次住院)的风险显著降低,其中大多数患者在OLE期接受了6个月的延迟启动PB/TURSO。最初随机分为PB/TURSO组和安慰剂组的受试者的中位关键无事件生存期延长了4.8个月,气管造口术/PAV无事件生存期延长了7.3个月。在美国食品和药物管理局批准的两种ALS治疗药物利鲁唑和依达拉奉中,只有利鲁唑在随机临床试验中显示出生存益处。然而,利鲁唑对ALS患者功能的影响目前尚不清楚。 PB/TURSO对ALS的生存能力和功能有双重好处。在本文所述的分析中,延长气管造口术/无PAV生存期和降低住院率的发现支持PB/TURSO在减少ALS患者健康负担方面的潜在额外益处。

Paganoni SHendrix SDickson SP, et al Effect of sodium phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol on tracheostomy/ventilation-free survival and hospitalisation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: long-term results from the CENTAUR trial

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    2023-05-29 chendoc252
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    2022-06-24 gj0734
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白化病、肌萎缩侧索硬化、成骨不全症、先天性肌无力综合征、法布雷病、血友病、戈谢病……很多人从来没听说过这些疾病名,甚至很多医务工作者也对其知之甚少。事实上,这些病在人群中的发病率确实不高,而正因为稀有、少见,它们也被称为“罕见病”。这类疾病不仅容易早期致残、年轻死亡,而且由于临床上经验少,容易导致高误诊、高漏诊、用药难等问题,被称为“医学的孤儿”。

NEJM:下颌阵挛-病例报道

鉴于存在上和下运动神经元体征并且保留了感觉通路,因此诊断为肌萎缩侧索硬化。下颌阵挛通常表示皮质脑桥束中的上运动神经元的损伤。

J Neurol Neurosur Ps:肌萎缩侧索硬化早期体重减轻的意义

由此可见,从发病到诊断的体重减轻率是ALS患者一个强有力且独立的预后因素。体重减轻主要是由于与吞咽困难相关的营养摄入减少所致,但是在诊断时没有吞咽困难的脊柱发病患者具有严重的体重减轻,并且结局类似于延髓发病的患者。根据该研究结果,研究人员建议在临床试验中,患者应根据入组时有无吞咽困难而不是根据症状发作部位进行分层。

J Neurol Neurosur Ps:饮酒与肌萎缩侧索硬化风险之间的关系

由此可见,除少数例外,饮酒与ALS之间未发现显著相关性。对酒精与ALS之间关联的研究需要进行彻底地探索,特别是考虑到不同类型酒精饮料的作用时。

JNNP:额颞部痴呆伴有和不伴有肌萎缩侧索硬化的认知和行为

目的不完全了解额颞部痴呆(FTD)与肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)的确切关系。这种关联被描述为连续的,但是数据表明这可能是一个过于简单化。对于有ALS和不含ALS的行为变异FTD(bvFTD)患者之间的直接

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NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY:肌萎缩侧索硬化症中外周血的RNA测序揭示了不同的分子亚型

本文发现表明,外周血RNA-seq可以识别诊断生物标志物并区分ALS患者的分子亚型,然而,其预后价值需要进一步研究。

2023AANEM:依达拉奉对肌萎缩侧索硬化症病程的影响

在接受依达拉奉和利鲁唑治疗的患者中,ALSFRS-R评分和FVC的下降幅度较低,但在统计学上并不显著。

好文推荐 | 小胶质细胞髓样细胞触发受体2及其可溶形式在肌萎缩侧索硬化症中的研究进展

小胶质细胞作为CNS内主要的免疫细胞,在肌萎缩侧索硬化症疾病进展过程中发挥着重要的作用,现将小胶质细胞TREM2、sTREM2及其在ALS中的研究进行综述。

影像诊断 | 一个病例了解肌萎缩侧索硬化症MR表现!

肌萎缩侧索硬化是一种好发于中老年人的神经系统变性疾病,由于大脑皮层、脑干、脊髓前角运动神经元退化和死亡,肌肉逐渐无力、萎缩,最后,大脑完全丧失控制随意运动的能力。

Nature子刊:雷帕霉素治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验

研究表明雷帕霉素治疗具有良好的耐受性,并且为ALS患者提供了令人放心的安全性结果。

Brain:遗传性和散发性肌萎缩侧索硬化症队列中存在不同的神经炎症特征

根据ALS-FTSD队列之间和队列内部存在的不同分子特征定制治疗方法十分重要。