Sci Transl Med:研究发现笑气可改善抑郁

2021-06-11 Viho MedSci原创

使用25%的氧化亚氮气体进行单次吸入治疗,在快速缓解耐药性抑郁症的症状方面几乎与50%的氧化亚氮一样有效,而且不良副作用更少,且其效果持续时间更长,一些参与者的症状改善时间长达2周以上。

抑郁症是最常见的抑郁障碍,以显著而持久的心境低落为主要临床特征,是心境障碍的主要类型。 临床可见心境低落与其处境不相称,情绪的消沉可以从闷闷不乐到悲痛欲绝,自卑抑郁,甚至悲观厌世,可有自杀企图或行为;甚至发生木僵;部分病例有明显的焦虑和运动性激越;严重者可出现幻觉、妄想等精神病性症状。

每年有数以百万计的抑郁症患者没有好的治疗选择,尤其是那些处于自杀问题的患者,迫切需要有效的、快速的治疗方法,能够真正帮助他们。

6月9日,美国芝加哥大学医学院和华盛顿大学发表在Science Translational Medicine上的一项新研究发现,使用25%的氧化亚氮气体进行单次吸入治疗,在快速缓解耐药性抑郁症的症状方面几乎与50%的氧化亚氮一样有效,而且不良副作用更少,且其效果持续时间更长,一些参与者的症状改善时间长达2周以上。

氧化亚氮通常被称为 "笑气",经常被用作麻醉剂,在牙科和外科手术中提供短期疼痛缓解。在之前的一项研究中,调查人员对20名患者进行了一小时吸入50%氧化亚氮气体的效果测试,发现与安慰剂相比,它使患者的抑郁症状得到快速改善,并持续了至少24小时。然而,一些病人出现了副作用,包括恶心、呕吐和头痛。

因此,研究人员进行本次研究以探索过去50%的浓度是否过高,尝试通过降低剂量,找到临床用药黄金分割点,使临床效益最大化,并将负面的副作用降到最低。

在此次研究中,研究人员对20名患者重复了类似的方案,又增加了一个吸入25%氧化亚氮的环节。研究发现,25%氧化亚氮浓度,治疗效果也几乎与50%的氧化亚氮一样,而副作用只有四分之一。

此外,研究人员在较长的时间内观察了患者治疗后的临床抑郁症评分发现,仅在一次给药后,一些病人的抑郁症状的改善就持续了整个评估期。

给药后抑郁症状改善持续时间

这些结果表明,对于那些对其他治疗方法没有反应的严重抑郁症患者,氧化亚氮有望成为一种快速而有效的治疗方法。同时研究结果加强了非传统疗法可能是对典型抗抑郁药物没有反应的病人的可行选择的证据,为处于危机中的病人提供一个快速有效的治疗选择。

华盛顿大学医学院精神病学教授、耐药性抑郁症和神经刺激诊所主任Nagele博士说:"以往大约15%的抑郁症患者对标准的抗抑郁症治疗没有反应。"这些'治疗耐受性抑郁症'患者往往要忍受数年,甚至数十年的折磨,患的是削弱生命的抑郁症。我们并不真正知道为什么标准治疗方法对他们不起作用,尽管我们怀疑他们可能有与非耐药性抑郁症患者不同的大脑网络破坏。确定新的治疗方法,如一氧化二氮,以替代性途径为目标,对治疗这些人至关重要。"

同时Nagele也指出,尽管它有 "笑气 "的名声,但接受如此低剂量的病人实际上不会变得很高兴或很兴奋,只是被镇静后睡着。

虽然让非传统的抑郁症治疗方法被主流接受仍然具有挑战性,但研究人员希望这些结果以及其他类似的研究能够让那些不情愿的医生对这些药物的独特属性打开心扉。

"这些只是试点研究,"Nagele说。"但是我们需要被更大的医学界所接受,这样才能成为现实世界中病人真正可以使用的一种治疗方法。大多数精神病学家不熟悉一氧化二氮或如何使用它,所以我们必须向社会展示如何安全有效地提供这种治疗。我认为,人们会对将其纳入临床实践产生很大兴趣。"

随着更广泛的公众接受,Nagele希望这些结果能够为那些正在努力寻找适当的抑郁症治疗方法的患者打开大门。

原始出处:
P. Nagele el al., "A phase 2 trial of inhaled nitrous oxide for treatment-resistant major depression," Science Translational Medicine (2021). stm.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/ … scitranslmed.abe1376

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    2021-08-19 bsmagic9140
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    2021-06-20 63766754

    不错的话题,学习了

    0

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    2021-06-11 zangyou1230

    对临床有一定帮助

    0

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    2021-06-11 ms7000000937988634

    有道理

    0

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