Lancet Oncol:年轻癌症幸存者晚年出现严重健康问题的风险高于普通人群

2020-04-05 MedSci MedSci原创

《柳叶刀-肿瘤学》(The Lancet Oncology )近期发表一项回顾性观察性研究,发现与普通人群相比,青春期或成年早期确诊癌症的幸存者发生过早死亡的风险更高。研究分析了美国和加拿

 《柳叶刀-肿瘤学》(The Lancet Oncology )近期发表一项回顾性观察性研究,发现与普通人群相比,青春期或成年早期确诊癌症的幸存者发生过早死亡的风险更高。研究分析了美国和加拿大27个学术机构的10,000多名癌症患者,发现青春期或成年早期(15-20岁)确诊癌症的幸存者,与兄弟姐妹相比,罹患重症或危及生命疾病的风险更高。

这项研究纳入了1970年至1999年确诊癌症的患者。但鉴于近几十年癌症治疗手段不断改善,尚不明确目前确诊癌症的成年早期患者是否仍会出现与该研究类似的结局。然而,研究者称,该研究结果强调了对年轻癌症幸存者进行终身长期筛查的必要性。

既往研究证明,儿童癌症幸存者出现过早死亡或心脏病、循环系统疾病等与治疗相关的长期健康问题的风险较高。但是,目前有关癌症治疗对青春期或成年早期患者的长期影响却知之甚少。

来自美国芝加哥洛约拉大学健康科学院(Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences, USA)的Eugene Suh博士解释道:“虽然已有研究关注儿童或成年期癌症确诊患者,并分析了生存期5年以上(包含5年)的患者长期结局,但我们的研究首次针对青春期和成年早期癌症确诊患者的健康结局进行了分析。这些癌症幸存者有可能获得长期、健康的生活,但癌症治疗史让他们始终暴露在健康风险中。”[1]

 “儿童癌症幸存者研究”(Childhood Cancer Survivor Study)追踪了美国1970年至1999年24,000余名生存期达到5年以上(包含5年)的癌症患者,并收集了相关健康结局。这项新研究就是基于此研究数据进行的分析。

该研究团队纳入了15岁到21岁首次确诊癌症的患者(5,804人)作为研究对象。为了进行比较,该团队从原数据库中随机选择了另一组在15岁前诊断出同种癌症的儿童癌症幸存者队列(5,804人)。同时,团队还纳入了年龄相仿的兄弟姐妹(5059人)作为第三组,用于对照。

研究人员追踪了各组的死亡率和死因。还基于医疗记录整理了癌症发病率,以及与心脏、肺、肌肉骨骼、代谢和神经相关的重症疾病发病率。这些都是受到放疗、化疗等癌症治疗手段影响的常见结局。

在5804名早期青少年和青壮年幸存者(中位年龄42岁,IQR 34-50)中,与一般人群相比,全因死亡率的SMR为5.9(95% CI 5.5-6.2),在5804名儿童癌症幸存者(中位年龄34岁;27-42)中,SMR为6.2(5.8-6.6)。早期的青少年和年轻的成年人幸存者比儿童期癌症幸存者(SMR 4.8 [95% CI 4.4-5.1] vs 6.8 [6.2-7.4])的健康相关原因(即排除原发性癌症复发或进展和外部原因,但包括癌症治疗的晚期影响)死亡的SMR较低,这主要是在癌症诊断后20年以上的癌症幸存者中表现得更明显。与同龄的兄弟姐妹相比,早期青少年和青年癌症幸存者和儿童癌症幸存者患严重和致残、危及生命或致命(3-5级)健康状况的风险更大(早期青少年和青年癌症幸存者的HR为4.2[95% CI 3.7-4.8],儿童癌症幸存者为5.6[4.9-6.3])。

与同龄兄弟姐妹相比,患3-5级心脏病(4.3[3.5-5.4]和5.6[4.5-7.1])、内分泌(3.9[2.9-5.1]和6.4[5.1-8.0])和肌肉骨骼疾病(6.5[3.9-11.1]和8.0[4.6-14.0])的风险增加,尽管与同龄兄弟姐妹相比,早期青少年和青年癌症幸存者的这些风险都低于儿童癌症幸存者。

研究人员预测成年早期癌症幸存者在45岁前出现严重健康问题的可能性为39%(每2.6人中出现1人),而同龄兄弟姐妹的可能性为12%(每8人中出现1人)。青春期确诊的癌症患者出现严重健康问题的风险比15岁之前确诊的儿童癌症幸存者低,后者在45岁前发生严重健康问题的可能性为56%(每2人中出现1人以上)。

成年早期癌症幸存者的全因死亡风险几乎是同年龄、性别普通人群的6倍(标准化死亡率[SMR]=5.9,1357例死亡vs预期231.9例死亡)。儿童癌症幸存者的标准化死亡率同样比普通人群高(SMR=6.2,963人例死亡vs预期155.7例死亡)。

        青少年早期和成年早期癌症幸存者死于原发癌复发或进展的可能性是儿童癌症幸存者的1.6倍(青少年癌症幸存者死亡492例,儿童癌症幸存者死亡325例)。

        儿童癌症幸存者和成年早期癌症幸存者的健康结局差异在癌症确诊20年后最为显著。研究人员称,该结果强调了对这两组癌症幸存者进行长期健康筛查的重要性。

        美国芝加哥大学(University of Chicago, USA)副教授Tara Henderson博士说:“要尽力确保成年早期癌症幸存者接受长期健康监测,尤其是癌症筛查,以降低他们出现健康问题和早死的风险。研究表明,癌症幸存者对此类项目的依从性很差,因此我们需要做更多的工作,强化癌症幸存者、家属以及初级卫生保健提供者对终身护理重要性的认识。我们还需要进一步研究,探索让癌症专科医生和社区初级卫生保健提供者联合为癌症幸存者提供基于风险护理的最佳方式。”[1]

研究人员提醒道,由于目前的癌症治疗方案多与几十年前的不同,该研究结果可能不适用于当今的癌症患者。

该研究的另一个局限在于,其纳入的幸存者队列未包括该年龄组的所有常见癌症。值得注意的是,该研究未纳入性腺肿瘤、黑色素瘤和甲状腺癌患者,但这几类癌症约占15-20岁确诊癌症总数的40%。

芬兰图尔库大学(Turku University, Finland)的Paivi Lahteenmaki博士(未参与这项研究)在评论中写道:“精准识别能够受益的高危人群,是提供个性化筛查项目中最重要的环节。如果将来能够通过潜在的遗传或分子特征识别发生晚期后遗症的高危人群,那么就可以设计有效的干预措施,延长癌症幸存者的生存时间。”

原始出处:

Suh E, Stratton KL, Leisenring WM, Nathan PC, Ford JS, Freyer DR, McNeer JL, Stock W, Stovall M, Krull KR, Sklar CA, Neglia JP, Armstrong GT, Oeffinger KC, Robison LL, Henderson TO.Late mortality and chronic health conditions in long-term survivors of early-adolescent and young adult cancers: a retrospective cohort analysis from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.Lancet Oncol. 2020 Mar;21(3):421-435. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30800-9.

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    2020-11-26 minlingfeng
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    2020-06-26 howi
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    2020-04-05 anti-cancer

    谢谢梅斯分享这么多精彩信息

    0

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一项新血液测试的试验表明,一种正在开发的新血液测试能够以较高的准确性筛查多种类型的癌症。达纳-法伯癌症研究所的研究人员在2019年欧洲肿瘤医学协会(ESMO)大会上展示了多中心试验的结果。