Nature Neuroscience:社交牛×症or社交恐惧症?小脑多巴胺2型受体调控社交行为

2022-06-24 周科 “神经周K”公众号

最近研究发现小脑中存在稀疏的多巴胺支配的输入,该区域的多巴胺1型受体参与调控认知功能,但对于小脑多巴胺2型受体(Drd2)的功能知之甚少。

小脑一直以来被认为是在协调运动、维持平衡中发挥关键作用。精神分裂症、自闭症、额颞叶痴呆等中枢神经系统疾病与小脑功能紊乱有关。

最近研究发现小脑中存在稀疏的多巴胺支配的输入,该区域的多巴胺1型受体参与调控认知功能,但对于小脑多巴胺2型受体(Drd2)的功能知之甚少。

2022年6月16日法国国家科学研究中心Emmanuel Valjent团队揭示了多巴胺2型受体特异性表达在小脑浦肯野细胞上,调控社交行为。

图1:多巴胺2型受体在小脑区域的表达情况

研究人员通过构建Drd2-GFP工具小鼠发现Drd2主要表达在小脑皮层浦肯野细胞层(87.7%)中,少量表达在分子层和颗粒层,并进一步发现Drd2主要表达在浦肯野细胞,抑制性神经元,篮状细胞上,几乎不表达在颗粒细胞,星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞。

离体实验发现D2受体激动剂可降低小脑皮层浦肯野细胞AMPA受体GluA2亚基磷酸化水平,电生理实验也表明D2受体激动剂降低刺激小脑皮层浦肯野细胞平行纤维诱发的兴奋性突触后电流,这就表明选择性表达在小脑皮层浦肯野细胞的D2受体调控突触可塑性。

图2:降低D2受体表达促进社交行为

研究人员通过病毒工具特异性敲低小脑皮层浦肯野细胞D2受体(后续简称为D2受体敲低小鼠)后,小鼠的运动功能并未受到影响。与正常小鼠类似,在物体和同伴小鼠社交实验中D2受体敲低小鼠更喜欢接触同伴小鼠。但是与正常小鼠相比,D2受体敲低小鼠与同伴小鼠接触的时间更多,表明其社交能力增强。

在新奇社交实验中,正常小鼠和D2受体敲低小鼠均偏好与陌生小鼠进行社交,但D2受体敲低小鼠接触时间更多一些,表明其社交新奇能力增强(社交牛×)。

图3:过表达D2受体表达损害社交行为

进一步通过病毒工具特异性增加小脑皮层浦肯野细胞D2受体(后续简称为D2受体过表达小鼠)后,小鼠的运动功能正常。在物体和同伴小鼠的社交行为中,D2受体过表达小鼠喜欢与同伴小鼠接触,但接触时间比正常小鼠要少,表明社交能力减弱。在新奇社交实验中D2受体过表达小鼠与陌生小鼠接触时间比正常小鼠明显降低,表明社交新奇能力受损(社交恐惧)。

Crus I/II区域占据了小脑半球后部的大部分,也是小脑皮层D2受体表达最多的区域,在自闭症患者中该区域存在异常的功能连接。通过上述类似的病毒工具,特异性降低Crus I/II区域D2受体表达后可增强小鼠社交能力和社交新奇能力,增加Crus I/II区域D2受体表达后可损害小鼠社交能力和社交新奇能力。

总的来说,本文通过构建Drd2-GFP工具鼠揭示了多巴胺2型受体在小脑空间分布特点,该受体不调控运动功能,但调控社交行为。

原始出处:

Cutando, L., Puighermanal, E., Castell, L. et al. Cerebellar dopamine D2 receptors regulate social behaviors. Nat Neurosci (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01092-8.

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    2023-01-07 liye789132251
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    2022-06-25 lsndxfj
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    2022-06-25 fengyi818

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