JAMA:大型回顾性队列研究表明,高血糖的中老年人更易患胰腺癌

2020-06-16 竹子 转化医学网

导言:糖化血红蛋白(HbA 1c)是糖尿病患者的金指标,而糖尿病患者患胰腺癌的几率是正常人的2倍。如果对HbA 1c进行检测,可以全面了解血糖的控制情况,也能预防胰腺癌的发生。肿瘤可破坏胰岛功能导致血

导言:糖化血红蛋白(HbA 1c)是糖尿病患者的金指标,而糖尿病患者患胰腺癌的几率是正常人的2倍。如果对HbA 1c进行检测,可以全面了解血糖的控制情况,也能预防胰腺癌的发生。肿瘤可破坏胰岛功能导致血糖增高,所以中老年人突然出现高血糖时应警惕。

美国研究人员对来自加利福利亚州医疗体系的851402名患者进行回顾性队列研究,结果表明,新发糖尿病是胰腺癌的潜在指标。了解高血糖、糖尿病和胰腺癌之间的关联,是开发早期发现方法的关键。该研究发表在《JAMA》上。

糖化血红蛋白与糖尿病

糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)反映的是近三个月内血糖控制的平均水平,它不受偶尔一次血糖升高或降低的影响。

HbA1c<6.5%时,并发症的发生危险性很小;

而一旦HbA1c﹥7%时,发生慢性并发症的危险性显著增高。

若糖化血红蛋白>9%说明持续高血糖存在,会发生糖尿病、肾病、动脉硬化、白内障等并发症,同时也是心肌梗死、脑卒中死亡的一个高危因素。

不同年纪的糖尿病患者,也要分情况去看糖化值,比如60岁以上的糖尿病患者,血糖控制目标是可以稍微放松点的。

糖尿病与胰腺癌

得了胰腺癌,5年都难挨。据2017年的欧美流行病学调查,100个胰腺癌患者汇总,有60个患有糖尿病。因此,糖尿病患者十分有必要提防胰腺癌的发生。而糖尿病正是胰腺癌的重要致病原因之一,两者互为因果。

当胰腺分泌功能出了问题,维持血糖稳定的功能就会遭到破坏,从而引起高血糖和糖尿病。2018年,上海复旦大学的石雨江团队在《自然》杂志上发表他们的研究,第一次揭开了高血糖和胰腺癌的关系。研究显示,高血糖会降低AMPK蛋白酶的活性,导致TET2Ser99磷酸化与TET2大那笔稳定性降低,减少TET2大那笔催化生成5-hmC。5-hmC可被视为癌症标志物,它的减少意味着胰腺癌发生的可能性也随之增大。

台湾学者在《Cell》上发表的研究表示,高血糖会引发胰岛细胞里的KRAS基因突变,而在胰腺癌病例中,90%的患者都存在KRAS突变。

在此之前,其他研究也称糖代谢不正常与胰腺癌有一定的相关性。因此,可以说,高血糖与胰腺癌有高度的相关性,大大提高了胰腺癌的风险。

糖化血红蛋白与胰腺癌

最近发表在《JAMA》上的这项大型回顾性研究,使用了加利福利亚州的综合医疗体系的数据,在2010-2014年之间,共有851402名年龄在50-84岁之间的中老年人参与其中。

结果:女性447502(52.5%),西班牙裔参与者255441(30%),非西班牙裔白人参与者383685(45.1%),亚裔参与者100477(11.8%),非西班牙裔黑人参与者88969(10.4%)。

总之,胰腺癌50-85岁的人群中,糖化血红蛋白水平(HbA 1c)增高,患胰腺癌的风险更大。但在没有先前糖尿病或HbA 1c值升高的情况下,确诊为事件性高血糖的非西班牙裔白人患者中,风险最高。在其他种族人群中,未根据更严格的新发高血糖定义判断胰腺癌风险是否增加。

这项研究有几个局限性。首先仅根据HbA 1c水平的升高筛查胰腺癌的患者不可能代表一种有效的策略,未来根据糖化血红蛋白的变化确定高危人群的工作应考虑种族差异。其次,研究中没有考虑降糖药的作用。此外,根据临床医师相关的决策来选择HbA 1c,可能会产生选择偏见。

尽管有研究局限性,但这项研究仍有不少优势。它包括较大的样本量和种族差异的研究人群。接着,综合医疗保健系统的设置可以准确评估先前的糖尿病状况。最后,使用前瞻性的癌症登记系统以及全州范围的死亡指数,进一步确保了对患有胰腺癌的患者的准确识别。

原始出处:

Bechien U. Wu, Rebecca K. Butler, Eva Lustigova, et.al. Association of Glycated Hemoglobin Levels With Risk of Pancreatic Cancer. JAMA Netw Open June 12, 2020

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    2020-06-18 hbwxf
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    2020-06-16 lifefamily@163

    #糖尿病#与百病皆有染

    0

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    2020-06-16 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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