胃食管反流的食管外表现,这7点一定要牢记!

2022-06-27 胃肠病 胃肠病

胃食管反流病的非典型症状有哪些?

一、胃食管反流病的非典型症状有哪些?

胃食管反流病除食管症候群外,还存在食管外表现。

胃食管反流病的食管外表现,指一些症状和疾病是由胃食管反流引起的,他们的表现常常难以与胃食管反流联系在一起,但在GERD得到有效治疗后,这些症状和疾病随之消失。

主要表现为以下症状:

1、呼吸道症状:

呛咳、咳嗽、咳痰、憋气、气短、喘息等,表现为慢性咳嗽、反复肺部感染、哮喘样发作、肺大疱、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺间质纤维化、肺心病等。

2、耳鼻喉症状:

咽部异物感、喉部发痒、喉部发紧、声音嘶哑、频繁清嗓、鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、耳痒、耳鸣、耳聋等。

双眼可有酸胀、发痒、干涩、视物模糊、视力减退等。

3、口腔症状:

口腔溃疡、口苦、口臭、牙釉质破坏、龋齿、舌灼热感等。

4、临床当中亦有部分患者,表现为心慌、胸闷、周身烦热等循环系统或神经系统症状。

二、胃食管反流病是如何产生食管外表现的?

经大量试验和临床研究已经证实,食管外表现是因十二指肠胃食管返流进入食管上段、咽喉部、口腔、鼻腔、双耳、眼睛,甚至吸入肺内。

反流的胃酸、胃蛋白酶、胆汁酸等,长期反复接触、刺激以致损伤上述组织器官粘膜,造成口腔溃疡、牙病、咽喉炎、鼻炎、耳痒、听力和视力下降,甚至诱发哮喘、剧烈呛咳、慢性咳嗽、肺炎,严重时出现喉痉挛和夜间窒息。

三、为什么胃食管反流病会引起哮喘、肺炎等肺部症状?

胃食管反流病引起肺部表现,可能的发病机制为:

胃内容物吸入肺组织,或者未被吸入肺内,反流使食管到肺的迷走神经弧被激活,致使气管痉挛、哮喘发作和或肺部感染。

国内外文献报道其发生率差别较大,有资料表明,34%-89%的哮喘存在胃食管反流病,40%的哮喘有反流性食管炎。

患者可出现呛咳、半夜憋醒、哮喘样发作、窒息、吸入性肺炎、肺间质纤维化、肺大疱、慢性阻塞性肺病等。

对难以解释的长期慢性咳嗽、呛咳、反复喉痉挛发作、不明原因的哮喘、反复发作的吸入性肺炎,与饮食关系密切,尤其是长期卧床的老年患者罹患上述疾病时,应考虑到胃食管反流的可能。

四、有哪些办法可以提醒一些,那些被认为是哮喘的患者?

可能是胃食管返流?

胃食管返流与哮喘的鉴别:

1、喉部发紧、憋气;

2、多发于夜间;

3、与进食有关;

4、胸骨后烧灼感、疼痛;

5、呛咳;

6、睡觉憋气;

7、嗳气。

五、为什么胃食管反流病会引起咽喉症状?

胃食管反流病中的部分患者,可因胃食管反流物刺激咽喉部而出现相应症状,如咽部异物感、声音嘶哑、频繁清嗓、咽喉痛,甚至于喉痉挛发作,喉镜下可见咽喉炎表现,如咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生、声带充血水肿、溃疡、息肉和结节形成等,称为“反流性喉炎”

六、为什么胃食管反流病会引起胸痛?

胃食管反流病引起胸痛的确切机制仍不清楚,考虑与多个因素有关,食管壁上存在化学、机械和温度感受器等,当食管壁受到机械牵张、酸碱、温度等刺激时,可产生疼痛;当食管壁缺血时亦可发生疼痛;近年来发现患者食管高敏感性可能是胃食管反流病引起胸痛的重要机制之一。

七、胃食管反流病引起的胸痛与心源性胸痛如何区别?

胃食管反流病引起胸痛的原因已如上述,在临床上和生活当中需与心源性胸痛鉴别。

前者引起的胸痛,其临床表现包括胸痛、食管症候群和其他食管外表现。其疼痛多呈烧灼样痛,也可呈针刺样痛或钝痛,疼痛与进食不当、平卧或坐位、弯腰等有关,起立、饮水或服用抑酸药后能使胸痛逐渐缓解。

胸痛常伴有反酸、烧心、夜间反流、腹胀、嗳气等食管症候群。部分患者以鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、二样耳聋、咽部异物感、咳嗽、喘息、胸闷等食管外表现为主要症状。

选择性进行胃镜、24小时食管PH监测、食管测压等检查,有利于寻找胸痛原因。

心源性胸痛,顾名思义即由于心脏疾病引起的胸痛,指冠状动脉痉挛、狭窄,甚至闭塞,导致心肌缺血缺氧,甚或坏死,主要包括心绞痛、心肌梗塞。胸痛部位位于胸骨中下段,呈压榨样闷痛、绞痛、钝痛,常向左侧肩背部、颈部、上肢、下颌放射。常伴有胸闷、心悸、发热,严重时有循环灌流不足表现。胸痛发作时常有心电图、心肌酶学、心脏超声变化,冠脉造影可以确定是否存在心血管解剖学和功能性疾病。需要引起注意的是,部分患者胸痛的病因系两者共同作用的结果。

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    2022-06-29 zhouqu_8
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    2022-06-29 feifers

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