Science :生命最后一刻仍奋战在科研一线!周育森等人开发出新冠小鼠模型

2020-07-31 枫叶 iNature

研究通过在年老的小鼠的呼吸道中进行连续传代来适应SARS-CoV-2的临床分离株。在第6代产生的适应小鼠的品系在小鼠肺中显示出增加的感染性,并在鼻内接种后在年幼和老年小鼠中引起间质性肺炎和炎症反应。

由于新病例的迅速增加,2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)很快引起了全球关注,病原体被鉴定为SARS-CoV-2。截至目前(7月29日),据约翰·霍普金斯大学发布的实时统计数据,全球累计新冠肺炎确诊病例超过1693万例,死亡人数达66万。这些数字每天都会更新,而且预计还会进一步增加。迫切需要能够概括SARS-CoV-2感染的小型动物模型。

2020年7月31日,中国军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所孙世惠,周育森(已故), 秦成峰及复旦大学姜世勃等人在Science 在线发表题为“Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficac”的研究论文,该研究通过在年老的BALB / c小鼠的呼吸道中进行连续传代来适应SARS-CoV-2的临床分离株。在第6代产生的适应小鼠的品系(称为MASCp6)在小鼠肺中显示出增加的感染性,并在鼻内接种后在年幼和老年小鼠中引起间质性肺炎和炎症反应。

深度测序揭示了一组可能与毒力增加相关的适应性突变。特别地,N501Y突变位于刺突蛋白的受体结合结构域(RBD)。使用该模型验证了重组RBD疫苗候选物的保护功效。因此,这种小鼠适应株和相关的挑战模型应该在评估针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗和抗病毒药物方面具有价值。

由于新病例的迅速增加,2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)很快引起了全球关注。新型冠状病毒感染被认为是从动物传播的,病原体被鉴定为SARS-CoV-2。到2020年1月,怀疑最初受感染的患者是通过人与人之间的传播感染了该病毒。自2020年1月以来,该病毒已迅速传播到中国大部分地区和其他国家。

由于新病例的迅速增加,2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)很快引起了全球关注,病原体被鉴定为SARS-CoV-2。截至目前(7月29日),据约翰·霍普金斯大学发布的实时统计数据,全球累计新冠肺炎确诊病例超过1693万例,死亡人数达66万。这些数字每天都会更新,而且预计还会进一步增加。

SARS-CoV-2与其他两种密切相关的高致病性病毒SARS-CoV和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)一起属于冠状病毒科的Betacoronavirus属。SARS-CoV-2的正链单链RNA基因组长度为30 kb,被内部核衣壳蛋白(N)和由膜(M)和包膜(E)蛋白质组成的外部包膜所覆盖,以及刺突(S)蛋白。与SARS-CoV相似,SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白通过受体结合域(RBD)与它们共享的受体血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)结合,从而介导病毒进入宿主细胞。先前发现SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV的RBD包含主要的构象依赖性中和表位,并且能够在免疫动物中引发有效的中和抗体,因此代表了疫苗开发的有希望的靶标。

迫切需要能够概括SARS-CoV-2感染的小型动物模型。由于SARS-CoV-2不使用小鼠ACE2作为其受体,因此认为野生型小鼠对SARS-CoV-2的敏感性较低。表达人类ACE2的转基因小鼠已经通过不同的策略进行了开发。此类小鼠以前曾被用于研究SARS-CoV-2感染和发病机理,并评估针对COVID-19的对策。

在这里,该研究报告的小鼠适应SARS-CoV-2的产生,可以在呼吸道中有效复制,并在野生型免疫能力强的小鼠中引起间质性肺炎。此外,使用此小鼠攻击模型检测了基于SARS-CoV-2 RBD的新开发的重组亚单位疫苗候选物的保护功效。

原始出处:

Hongjing Gu,Qi Chen,Guan Yang2, et al.Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficacy.Science 30 Jul 2020:DOI: 10.1126/science.abc4730

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    2021-06-09 听之

    5.11凌晨

    0

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    2020-08-02 zhouqu_8
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    2020-07-31 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-07-31 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

    0

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    2020-07-31 1381ed4eacm

    呵呵

    0

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    2020-07-31 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    动物模型非常重要#新冠肺炎#

    0

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