PLOS MED:严重精神疾病患者身体其它健康状况也堪忧,尤其是年轻人!

2022-05-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

SMI患者有更高的多发病负担,特别是在年轻的年龄组。

患有严重精神疾病(SMI)的人往往也有较明显的身体健康状况,但对这一人群中身体健康状况的情况知之甚少。为了调查与无SMI的人相比,SMI患者的慢性身体健康状况的流行率和聚集情况,来自英国的学者开展了相关研究,结果发表在PLOS MEDICINE杂志上。

研究人员进行了一项队列嵌套的累积患病率研究,使用来自临床实践研究数据链(CPRD)的初级保健数据,该数据链拥有英国3900万患者的详细信息。确定了2000-2018年有SMI(精神分裂症、双相情感障碍或其他精神病)初级保健诊断的68783名成年人,与274684名没有SMI诊断的患者按年龄、性别、初级保健诊所和在诊所注册的年份进行了1:4的匹配。

患者有28.85(IQR:19.10-41.37)年的初级保健观察中位数。SMI患者的吸烟率(27.65%对46.08%)、肥胖率(24.91%对38.09%)、酒精滥用率(3.66%对13.47%)和药物滥用率(2.08%对12.84%)均高于对比者。使用多重对应分析(MCA)和K-means聚类分析定义了多病症聚类,并根据观察/预期比率对其进行了描述。

结果显示,与没有SMI的人相比,SMI患者在24种疾病中的19种有较高的几率,多发病的流行率几乎翻倍(OR):1.84;95%CI 1.80-1.88),特别是在年轻的年龄组(30至39岁的男性:OR=2.49;95% CI:2.27-2.73;18至30岁的女性:OR=2.69;95% CI:2.36-3.07)。

进一步在SMI患者中确定了7个多发病群,在无SMI患者中确定了7个多发病群。共有4个群组是SMI患者和非SMI患者共有的;而1个群组,即心脏病,在SMI患者中是一个群组,在比较者中是3个不同的群组;还有2个小群组是SMI队列中独有的。

在这项研究中, SMI患者有更高的多发病负担,特别是在年轻的年龄组。虽然针对普通人群的干预措施可能也适合于SMI患者,但有必要采取干预措施,以更好地管理年轻的多发病,并采取侧重于年轻疾病的预防措施,以及减少健康风险因素。

 

参考文献:

Clustering of physical health multimorbidity in people with severe mental illness: An accumulated prevalence analysis of United Kingdom primary care data. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003976

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