Nat Microbiol:国际病毒分类委员会解释新冠病毒命名原因

2020-03-04 佚名 中国科学报

3 月 2 日,《自然—微生物学》发表了国际病毒分类委员会冠状病毒研究小组(ICVT-CSG)关于新型冠状病毒的命名声明。

3 月 2 日,《自然—微生物学》发表了国际病毒分类委员会冠状病毒研究小组(ICVT-CSG)关于新型冠状病毒的命名声明。

因新冠病毒与以严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)为原型的同种病毒具有遗传相似性,2 月 11 日,该病毒被 ICVT-CSG 命名为 “严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2”(SARS-CoV-2)。

在新发表的文章中,ICVT-CSG 成员描述了对该病毒的命名过程,分析了命名造成混淆的可能原因,并强调了为新病毒进行谨慎分类的重要性。

在文中,俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学的 Alexander Gorbalenya、德国吉森大学的 John Ziebuhr 与 ICVT-CSG 其他成员表示,为新型病毒进行分类的惯例做法是评估其与已知病毒的遗传相关性。目前 39 个已被鉴定的冠状病毒种和 10 个被初步鉴定的冠状病毒种中,许多都包含了几十甚至几百个不同病毒。

ICVT-CSG 评估了新型冠状病毒与此前已知冠状病毒的遗传相似性。通过对比基因组数据,特别是分析参与病毒复制的保守蛋白的变异,他们发现,新型冠状病毒与 SARS 相关冠状病毒种的病毒属于同一簇。

“其他团队也报告了这种关系。” 他们在文中写道,“这两个病毒如此相似,完全可以将新型冠状病毒归类为这一已知种,无需另立新种。”

ICVT-CSG 称,鉴于其与 SARS 相关冠状病毒种的病毒的遗传学关联,因此新型冠状病毒被命名为 SARS-CoV-2。该小组称,这个种的名字来源于 2002 年至 2003 年引发人呼吸道疾病暴发的原始病毒 SARS-CoV,而 SARS-CoV 的名字又来自于其相关疾病 SARS。

ICVT-CSG 称,SARS 相关冠状病毒种含有几百个已知病毒(主要分离自人体和蝙蝠),所有这些病毒的名字全部源自 SARS-CoV。不过,其成员解释说,这些病毒名字中的 SARS 是为了突出它们与这一原始病毒在演化上的关系,而不是临床疾病层面的关系。

当前的 SARS-CoV-2 表征数据显示,其疾病特点和传播方式可能与 SARS-CoV 报告的不同。ICVT-CSG 成员认为,研究人员应将 SARS-CoV-2 的暴发与 SARS-

CoV 的流行区别对待。但他们也强调,这两个病毒在遗传学上非常相似,建议对同种病毒之间的联系展开研究,帮助人们更好地理解这些人类病原体。

世卫组织 2 月 11 日将 SARS-CoV-2 引起的疾病命名为 COVID-19。

ICVT-CSG 称,这种病毒的相关临床特征和预后结果似乎非常广泛多样,将疾病和病毒分开命名的方式,有助于在病毒和疾病之间划一道分水岭。作者建议在提及病毒暴发和临床疾病时,不要混用名称。

原始出处:

Gorbalenya, A.E., Baker, S.C., Baric, R.S. et al. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z.

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    2020-05-16 liye789132251
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    2020-07-15 sunylz
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    2021-02-06 xjy02
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    2020-03-04 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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