Science:肿瘤免疫治疗效果不同的原因被揭示

2016-03-04 MedSci MedSci原创

一项最新研究指出肿瘤新抗原(tumor neoantigens)能帮助医师们了解癌症患者对癌症免疫疗法的应答情况,这将为实现个体化癌症治疗铺平道路。这一研究成果公布在3月3日的Science杂志上。 在过去的几年中,癌症免疫疗法变得越来越热门,从最开始发现我们的免疫系统能抑制癌症生长,到后来发现癌细胞中免疫机制的多重作用,再到目前陆续跟进的临床实验,癌症免疫疗法争论不休,同时也成果不断。

一项最新研究指出肿瘤新抗原(tumor neoantigens)能帮助医师们了解癌症患者对癌症免疫疗法的应答情况,这将为实现个体化癌症治疗铺平道路。这一研究成果公布在3月3日的Science杂志上。

在过去的几年中,癌症免疫疗法变得越来越热门,从最开始发现我们的免疫系统能抑制癌症生长,到后来发现癌细胞中免疫机制的多重作用,再到目前陆续跟进的临床实验,癌症免疫疗法争论不休,同时也成果不断。然而在临床上只有20%的患者会对这些治疗方法产生应答,因此科学家们亟待了解成功应答背后的因素。

其中一个因素就是所谓的“neoantigens(新抗原)”,新抗原就是肿瘤中的突变多肽,在正常组织中是不存在的。对应于不同的突变,这些新抗原也会表现出肿瘤内异质性,其中一些属于一级克隆(所有肿瘤细胞中都有),还有一些是亚克隆(只存在于一部分细胞中)。

在最新这篇文章中,研究人员分析了肺癌和恶性黑色素瘤,发现肿瘤新抗原与患者生存力提高,肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes)增多,以及免疫治疗应答延长有关。

这为预测患者对免疫疗法的应答提出了一个潜在的生物标记物,而且区分克隆与亚克隆新抗原也有助于识别哪种新抗原最有效,能靶向不同类型的治疗方法。循环中CD8+PD-1+淋巴细胞可能是其中的关键,最近多篇研究证实了这一点。

原始出处:

Nicholas McGranahan,et al.Clonal neoantigens elicit T cell immunoreactivity and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade.Science 03 Mar 2016: pp. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1490

Gros A, Parkhurst MR, Tran E, Pasetto A, Robbins PF, Ilyas S, Prickett TD, Gartner JJ, Crystal JS, Roberts IM, Trebska-McGowan K, Wunderlich JR, Yang JC, Rosenberg SA.Prospective identification of neoantigen-specific lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients. Nat Med. 2016 Feb 22. doi: 10.1038/nm.4051.

Ward JP, Gubin MM, Schreiber RD.The Role of Neoantigens in Naturally Occurring and Therapeutically Induced Immune Responses to Cancer.Adv Immunol. 2016;130:25-74

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    2016-03-22 1de8665bm23(暂无匿称)

    免疫方面东西太复杂了

    0

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    2016-03-07 jetleo

    哪种新抗原最有效,能靶向不同类型的治疗方法。

    0

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    2016-03-07 jetleo

    高大上的研究

    0

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    2016-03-06 jichang
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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    难懂,好好学习

    0

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    继续努力

    0

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    2016-03-05 lyh994

    什么跟什么?_?

    0

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    2016-03-04 青争

    题目大了点

    0

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在被全球研究人员大量使用了25年后,美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)决定让NCI-60从其药物筛选程序中“退休”。NCI-60是指在培养基中生长的60种人类癌细胞系。今年春末,该研究所将启动一个得到更新的癌症模型库。这些模型来源于病人的新鲜样本,并且被标记上病人临床治疗的过往细节。 NCI的此项举措回应了对与病人产生更紧密联系的癌症模型的广泛需求。2月11日,癌症研究人员聚集在路易斯安那州新奥尔良,

这样发烧可能是癌症信号

谈癌色变,没有人想被癌症“青睐”。据权威报告显示,按照平均寿命74岁计算,人一生中患恶性肿瘤的几率是22%。怎样让“肿瘤君”远离你我?这需 要时常关注身体变化,未雨绸缪。 胸骨后灼热伴随胸痛。胸骨后灼热是食道损伤的一个常见症状,频繁发生胸骨后灼热或伴有胸部疼痛,要警惕食道癌。 胸骨后灼热主要由胃液反流所致。南方医科大学南方医院肿瘤科副主任尤长宣介绍,通常胸骨后灼热都会伴有疼痛,有的还会出现吞咽困

NEJM:胸主动脉瘤致椎体侵蚀-案例报道

男性,74岁,近来出现急性背部疼痛,但不伴有神经系统症状的出现。血压监测结果是正常的。据了解,该患者以往有高血压病史,曾因主动脉瘤做过手术和终末期肾功能衰竭需要透析。计算机断层扫描结果显示一胸主动脉瘤,测量大小约为8.1cmX11.7cm,病变已侵蚀胸椎T10和T11(图A为冠状切面,图B和图C分别为轴位、矢状面;黄色箭头显示的动脉瘤,红色箭头的是侵蚀部位,蓝色箭头为T11)。对于胸腰椎的侵蚀,这

Science:肿瘤恶性成功被逆转

癌细胞扩散(又称癌转移)能够侵袭更多的人体组织,最终导致整个机体发生崩溃。在许多癌症中,癌细胞扩散才是最致命的威胁。3月最新一期(3月3日)Science公布了著名肿瘤学家Robert A. Weinberg领导完成的一项研究,报道了一种新的癌症转移分子机制。 来自Whitehead生物医药研究院,新加坡基因组研究院的这组研究人员迫使癌细胞中一种帮助它们生长的转换过程发生逆转,结果抑制了

发现肿瘤精准干预新切入点

  记者从中国科大获悉,经过近6年的联合攻关,中国科大合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室与安徽细胞动力学与化学生物学省级实验室等单位的研究人员通力合作,成功地揭示了一个调控真核细胞染色体稳定性的CDK1-TIP60-Aurora B信号轴,并详尽地阐明了蛋白质磷酸化与乙酰化修饰动态调控Aurora B激酶活性的新机制,将为肿瘤的精准干预提供新的切入点。相关研究论文近日在线发表在国际著名期

全国多中心肿瘤液态活检项目启动

2月28日,由中国癌症基金会主办,北京科迅生物技术有限公司承办的“中国癌症基金会科迅专项基金成立大会暨全国多中心肿瘤液态活检项目启动会”在北京万达索菲特大饭店顺利举行。大会汇集了中国癌症基金会多位领导,全国各中心肿瘤方面的专家学者,以及科迅生物该项目的主要参与成员,共百余人。 本次大会分为科迅专项基金成立大会和全国多中心肿瘤液态活检项目启动会两部分。科迅专项基金成立大会首先举行,会上中国癌症基金